"AUH-BIO120-3"
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| prokaryote | cells or organisms without a nucleus
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| eukaryote | cells or organisms with a nucleus
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| human body (somatic) cells | 23 paired chromosomes (46 total including X/Y) - diploid
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| human sex cells | 23 unpaired chromosomes - haploid
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| mitosis | somatic cell division
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| meiosis | sex cell division into sperm or egg
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| four tissue types | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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| first three embryonic "layers" | ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
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| ectoderm | forms functional epithelium including integument and dorsal cavity plus CNS and special sensory organs
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| endoderm | forms functional epithelium including integument and ventral cavity plus vessels and most other organs
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| mesoderm | forms connective, muscle and nerve tissue plus spleen, kidney, muscles and peripheral nervous system organs
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| embryonic epithelial tissue | ectoderm and endoderm
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| embryonic connective, muscle and nerve tissue | mesoderm
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| parenchyma | functional bulk of an organ; mostly epithelial in origin
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| organ | instrument or tool whereby two or more tissues acting in concert towards a common function
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| contains "main" and "sporadic" tissues | organ
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| organ system | group of organs acting in concert towards a common function
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| organ system that includes skin (epidermis, dermis, hair and nails) | integumentary system - separates body from environment
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| organ system that includes salivary glands, oropharynx, epiglottis, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, color, rectum | digestive system - takes in energy and nutrients
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| organ system that includes nasopharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolae | respiratory system - exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen
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| organ system that includes heart, great vessels, arteries/veins/lymphatic vessels, arterioles/venules/small lymphatic vessels, capillaries, blood, inflammatory/immune cells | cardiovascular system - distributes substances throughout the body
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| organ system that includes central and peripheral nervous systems along with special sensory organs and spinal/autonomic nervous systems | nervous system - fast control
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| organ system that includes regulatory endocrine glands such as hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and sex glands | endocrine system - slow, sustained control
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| organ system that includes bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons | skeletal system - supports body against gravity
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| organ system that includes skeletal and smooth but not necessarily cardiac muscles | muscular system - provides movement
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| organ system that includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra | excretory system - maintains fluid and electrolye balance
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| organ system that includes breasts, ovaries/testes, Fallopian tubes/vas deferens, uterus/prostate, vagina/penis | reproductive system - reproduces species
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| 3:4:10 | embroyonic layers, tissues, organ systems
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| primary healing or healing by first intent | damaged cells repair themselves, and remain functional
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| secondary healing or healing by second intent | resting, committed stem cells produce new functional cells
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| fibrosis or scarring | connective tissue cells replace parenchyma with non-functioning cells
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| histamine | chemical released by most of the body's damaged cells
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| ligaments | organ whose primary tissue is connective and that binds bones to bones
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| tendons | organ whose primary tissue tissue is connective and that binds muscles to bones
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| axial bones | bones like vertebrae located along the central axis
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| the femur or thigh bone is a _____ bone (shape) | long
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| epiphyses | ends of a long bone
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| diaphysis | shaft of a long bone
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| epiphyseal plate | growth plate of a bone
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| the vertebrae are _____ bones (shape) | short
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| the sternum is a _____ bone (shape) | flat
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| hard outer layer(s) of bone that gives it strength | compact cortex
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| softer interior of bones that produces blood cells | spongy medulla or marrow
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| committed medullary stem cells of bones produce ____, ____ and ____ | red blood cells, inflammatory cells and immune cells
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| principal bones of the head include | frontal bones, parietal bones, temporal bones, occipital bones, zygomas, maxillae, and mandible
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| principal bones of the chest include | atlas (C1), axis (C2), cervical vertebrae (C3-6), sternum, xiphoid process, clavicle, thoracic vertebrae, and lumbar vertebrae
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| principal bones of the pelvis include | sacrum, coccyx, ileum, ischium, pubis, acetabulae
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| principal bones of the arms, forearms and hands include | humerus, radius, ulna, carpels, metacarpels and phlanges
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| principal bones of the thighs, legs and feet include | femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phlanges
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| the rotator cuff includes | acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, coricoclavicular, coracohumoral, and glenohumoral ligaments along with the tendon of the head of the biceps
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| the ligaments of the knee include | lateral and medial collateral, anterior and posterior cruciate, and transverse ligements
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| three types of muscle are | skeletal (striated voluntary), cardiac (striated involuntary), and smooth (non-striated involuntary
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| four characteristics of muscle are | excitability/irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
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| muscle fibers are bound into | fascicles
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| the major muscles of the head include the following muscles | frontal, temporal, orbital, platysma, sternocleidomastoid and occipital
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| the major muscles of the anterior chest include the following muscles | trapezius, pectoral, rectus abdominal, abdominal oblique, deltoid, serratus anticus
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| the major muscles of the back include the following muscles | splenius, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus, rhomboides, teres major and minor
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| the major muscles of the arm include the following muscles | biceps, triceps, brachioradialis
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| the major muscles of the thigh and let include the following muscles: | quadriceps, biceps femoris, tensor faciae latae, anterior tibial, gastrocnemius,
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Created by:
drjanik
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