Spinal Cord
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| Location of the spinal cord | In the vertebral canal
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| Extent of the spinal cord | From the Foramen magnum to between inter-vertebral discs L1-L2
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| conus medullaris | cone shaped, terminal part of spinal cord
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| cauda equine | "horse's tail" - composed of nerve fibers (axons) coming off terminal end of spinal cord
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| Filum terminale | CT Fiber. From tip of conus medullaris. Spot welds and anchors cord to sacrum.
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| cervial enlargement | thickened region of the spinal cord. Helps control upper limb. Ex for fine movement you need a lot of neurons.
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| lumbar enlargement | thickened region of the spinal cord that controls the lower limb
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| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31
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| What does "meninges mean? | "blanket". Coverings of the spinal cord
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| What are the meninges composed of? | CT
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| What are the names of the meninges of the spinal cord? | Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia mater
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| Dura Mater | "tough mother". Outermost layer. Tough as parchment
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| Arachnoid mater | very thin. Middle layer
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| Pia Mater | CT covering that touches the spinal cord and brain
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| subarachnoid space - location | deep to arachnoid. Above pia
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| subarachnoid space - contents | cerebrospinal fluid bathes spinal cord and brain
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| Characteristics of CSF | clear, colorless, odorless. Helps to absorb shock. When not the correct color could be a stroke or meningitis
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| choroid plexus | special capillaries that produce CSF
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| Epidural space | where you see the fat. External to dura mater
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| Subdural space | located internal to dura mater. Normally nothing is found there because arachnoid is pushesd against the dura
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| Meningitis | Inflammation(infection of the meninges (usually arachnoid and pia). Diagnose with a spinal tap.
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| Where can a spinal tap safely be done and why? | between L3-L4 or L4-L5 because the spinal cord doesn't reach.
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| What anatomical landmark aids in spinal taps? | The illiac crest. Goes across L4-L5
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| Order of structure you need to pierce to do a spinal tap | 1)skin, 2) subcutaneous tissue, 3) Ligaments, 4)Dura Mater, 5) Arachnoid Mater.... the needle is now in the subarachnoid space where CSF is found
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| How many cervical spinal cord segments are there? | 8
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| How many thoracic spinal cord segments are there? | 12
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| How many lumbar spinal cord segments are there? | 5
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| How many sacral spinal cord segments are there? | 5
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| How many coccygeal spinal cord segments are there? | 1
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| white matter | composed of bundles of axons (tract)
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| gray matter | cell bodies of neurons
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| Ventral gray horn | Motor. Contains neuron cell bodies
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| dorsal root | sensory nerve fibers
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| dorsal root ganglion | sensory neuron cell bodies
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| ventral root | contains motor fibers
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| Spinal nerve | dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, and ventral root come together to form. There is one at each segment
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| Reflex | automatic, unconscious response. Does not need a brain. Requires intact spinal cord
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| Withdrawal reflex ... how many neurons, synapses, neuromuscular juncations | 3 neurons, 2 synapse, 1 neuromuscular junction
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| Components of withdrawal reflex | receptor, sensory neuron(afferent - picks up stimulus, interneuron, motor neuron(efferent) - takes response to a muscle to cause movenet, effector(muscle)
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| Stretch reflex arc... how many neurons, synapses, neuromuscular juncations | 2 neurons, 1 synapse, 1 neuromuscular junction
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| Components of a stretch reflex arc | receptor, sensory neuron (afferent)- takes message to spinal cord, motor neuron (efferent), effector
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