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UB ANA 113 Lec 14
Spinal Cord
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Location of the spinal cord | In the vertebral canal |
| Extent of the spinal cord | From the Foramen magnum to between inter-vertebral discs L1-L2 |
| conus medullaris | cone shaped, terminal part of spinal cord |
| cauda equine | "horse's tail" - composed of nerve fibers (axons) coming off terminal end of spinal cord |
| Filum terminale | CT Fiber. From tip of conus medullaris. Spot welds and anchors cord to sacrum. |
| cervial enlargement | thickened region of the spinal cord. Helps control upper limb. Ex for fine movement you need a lot of neurons. |
| lumbar enlargement | thickened region of the spinal cord that controls the lower limb |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| What does "meninges mean? | "blanket". Coverings of the spinal cord |
| What are the meninges composed of? | CT |
| What are the names of the meninges of the spinal cord? | Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia mater |
| Dura Mater | "tough mother". Outermost layer. Tough as parchment |
| Arachnoid mater | very thin. Middle layer |
| Pia Mater | CT covering that touches the spinal cord and brain |
| subarachnoid space - location | deep to arachnoid. Above pia |
| subarachnoid space - contents | cerebrospinal fluid bathes spinal cord and brain |
| Characteristics of CSF | clear, colorless, odorless. Helps to absorb shock. When not the correct color could be a stroke or meningitis |
| choroid plexus | special capillaries that produce CSF |
| Epidural space | where you see the fat. External to dura mater |
| Subdural space | located internal to dura mater. Normally nothing is found there because arachnoid is pushesd against the dura |
| Meningitis | Inflammation(infection of the meninges (usually arachnoid and pia). Diagnose with a spinal tap. |
| Where can a spinal tap safely be done and why? | between L3-L4 or L4-L5 because the spinal cord doesn't reach. |
| What anatomical landmark aids in spinal taps? | The illiac crest. Goes across L4-L5 |
| Order of structure you need to pierce to do a spinal tap | 1)skin, 2) subcutaneous tissue, 3) Ligaments, 4)Dura Mater, 5) Arachnoid Mater.... the needle is now in the subarachnoid space where CSF is found |
| How many cervical spinal cord segments are there? | 8 |
| How many thoracic spinal cord segments are there? | 12 |
| How many lumbar spinal cord segments are there? | 5 |
| How many sacral spinal cord segments are there? | 5 |
| How many coccygeal spinal cord segments are there? | 1 |
| white matter | composed of bundles of axons (tract) |
| gray matter | cell bodies of neurons |
| Ventral gray horn | Motor. Contains neuron cell bodies |
| dorsal root | sensory nerve fibers |
| dorsal root ganglion | sensory neuron cell bodies |
| ventral root | contains motor fibers |
| Spinal nerve | dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, and ventral root come together to form. There is one at each segment |
| Reflex | automatic, unconscious response. Does not need a brain. Requires intact spinal cord |
| Withdrawal reflex ... how many neurons, synapses, neuromuscular juncations | 3 neurons, 2 synapse, 1 neuromuscular junction |
| Components of withdrawal reflex | receptor, sensory neuron(afferent - picks up stimulus, interneuron, motor neuron(efferent) - takes response to a muscle to cause movenet, effector(muscle) |
| Stretch reflex arc... how many neurons, synapses, neuromuscular juncations | 2 neurons, 1 synapse, 1 neuromuscular junction |
| Components of a stretch reflex arc | receptor, sensory neuron (afferent)- takes message to spinal cord, motor neuron (efferent), effector |
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HugsAndKisses
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