Nervous System I: Histology
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| Central Nervous System | Brain and spinal cord
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| peripheral nervous system | somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary)
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| neurons | receive and transmit info
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| sensory neurons | afferent - deliver info to CNS
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| motor neurons | efferent - carry info to PNS
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| associative | interneuron - between sensory and motor... modify response
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| Multipolar neuron - L | throughout brain and spinal cord
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| bipolar neuron - L | found in retina and inner ear *special senses
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| Unipolar neuron - L | In clusters (ganglia) from base of skull to sacrum
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| cell body | has organelles, no centrioles
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| nissl bodies | chromatophillic bodies. Free ribosomes that produce protein (neurotransmitters) and RER
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| neurofibrils | cyctoskeleton, maintains shape of cell body
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| dendrites | more than one per neuron. Transmit info to cell body
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| axon | nerve fiber. One per neuron. transmit info from cell body
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| myelin sheath - Function | conducts electrical impulse
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| Amount of myelin affects... | function and speed of impulse
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| oligodendrocytes | produce myelin in CNS
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| schwann cells | produce myelin in PNS. "neurolemmocyte"
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| Composition of myelin sheath | lipid (fat)
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| neuroglia | "neural glue" ... supporting cells of nervous system
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| microglia | CNS. phagocytic. ingest dead/damaged tissue
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| astrocyte | CNS. Contact neuron and capillary. Aid in nourishment of neurons
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| Blood-Brain barrier | Astrocytes. Basement Membrane. Endothelial wall of capillary
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| Edendymal cells | CNS. Line cavities (ventricles) of the brain. Keep fluid away from neurons.
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| Satellite cell | PNS. Regulates nourishment (like an astrocyte)
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| Nuclei | CNS. Cluster of neurons
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| Ganglia | PNS. Cluster of neurons
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| Nerve | PNS. Bundle of axons
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| Tract | CNS. Bundle of axons
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| Neurilemma | cell wall of oligodendrocyte or schwann cell
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| Nodes of ranvier | area on axon not covered by myelin
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| synaptic vesicles | terminals, end of axon does not touch the next neuron
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| synapse | space between neurons. site of communication
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| pre-synaptic neuron | neuron before synapse
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| synaptic cleft | space between axon of presynaptic neuron and dendrite of post synaptic neuron
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| post-synaptic neuron | neuron after synapse
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| continuous conduction | continuous flow of the impulse down the axon. Usually in unmyelinated
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| Saltatory conduction | impulse transmitted from one node of ranvier to the next. In myelinated neurons.
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| consequence of electrical impulse | change in permeability. Na+ come in, K+ leave. Synaptic vesicles explode and release neurotransmitter into synapse. target receptor on next dendrite
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| "A" fiber | heavily myelinated. Sharp pain
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| "B" fiber | intermediate myelination
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| "C" fiber | least myelin. Dull pain, cannot localize.
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| Excitatory neurotransmitters | depolarize postsynaptic neuron. acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine
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| Inhibitory Neurotransmitters | prevent transmission of impulse to next neuron. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Enkephalins, endorphins, dopamine
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| Neurotransmitters associated with and cause of drug addiction | Heroine and morphine mimic neurotransmitters. Body stops producing Enkephalins and endorphins and you have to continue to take the drug.
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| neuromuscular junction | gap between axon and muscle. "myoneural junction". terminal part of axon, receptor site on muscle fiber.
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| neuromuscular junction neurotransmitter | acetylcholine
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