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UB ANA 113 Lec 13
Nervous System I: Histology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System | Brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary) |
| neurons | receive and transmit info |
| sensory neurons | afferent - deliver info to CNS |
| motor neurons | efferent - carry info to PNS |
| associative | interneuron - between sensory and motor... modify response |
| Multipolar neuron - L | throughout brain and spinal cord |
| bipolar neuron - L | found in retina and inner ear *special senses |
| Unipolar neuron - L | In clusters (ganglia) from base of skull to sacrum |
| cell body | has organelles, no centrioles |
| nissl bodies | chromatophillic bodies. Free ribosomes that produce protein (neurotransmitters) and RER |
| neurofibrils | cyctoskeleton, maintains shape of cell body |
| dendrites | more than one per neuron. Transmit info to cell body |
| axon | nerve fiber. One per neuron. transmit info from cell body |
| myelin sheath - Function | conducts electrical impulse |
| Amount of myelin affects... | function and speed of impulse |
| oligodendrocytes | produce myelin in CNS |
| schwann cells | produce myelin in PNS. "neurolemmocyte" |
| Composition of myelin sheath | lipid (fat) |
| neuroglia | "neural glue" ... supporting cells of nervous system |
| microglia | CNS. phagocytic. ingest dead/damaged tissue |
| astrocyte | CNS. Contact neuron and capillary. Aid in nourishment of neurons |
| Blood-Brain barrier | Astrocytes. Basement Membrane. Endothelial wall of capillary |
| Edendymal cells | CNS. Line cavities (ventricles) of the brain. Keep fluid away from neurons. |
| Satellite cell | PNS. Regulates nourishment (like an astrocyte) |
| Nuclei | CNS. Cluster of neurons |
| Ganglia | PNS. Cluster of neurons |
| Nerve | PNS. Bundle of axons |
| Tract | CNS. Bundle of axons |
| Neurilemma | cell wall of oligodendrocyte or schwann cell |
| Nodes of ranvier | area on axon not covered by myelin |
| synaptic vesicles | terminals, end of axon does not touch the next neuron |
| synapse | space between neurons. site of communication |
| pre-synaptic neuron | neuron before synapse |
| synaptic cleft | space between axon of presynaptic neuron and dendrite of post synaptic neuron |
| post-synaptic neuron | neuron after synapse |
| continuous conduction | continuous flow of the impulse down the axon. Usually in unmyelinated |
| Saltatory conduction | impulse transmitted from one node of ranvier to the next. In myelinated neurons. |
| consequence of electrical impulse | change in permeability. Na+ come in, K+ leave. Synaptic vesicles explode and release neurotransmitter into synapse. target receptor on next dendrite |
| "A" fiber | heavily myelinated. Sharp pain |
| "B" fiber | intermediate myelination |
| "C" fiber | least myelin. Dull pain, cannot localize. |
| Excitatory neurotransmitters | depolarize postsynaptic neuron. acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine |
| Inhibitory Neurotransmitters | prevent transmission of impulse to next neuron. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Enkephalins, endorphins, dopamine |
| Neurotransmitters associated with and cause of drug addiction | Heroine and morphine mimic neurotransmitters. Body stops producing Enkephalins and endorphins and you have to continue to take the drug. |
| neuromuscular junction | gap between axon and muscle. "myoneural junction". terminal part of axon, receptor site on muscle fiber. |
| neuromuscular junction neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
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HugsAndKisses
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