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Nerve–Muscle Relationship

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Answer
acetylcholinesterase(AChE)   breaks down ACh and limits the duration of contraction  
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polarized   in an unstimulated (resting) cell, where more anions (negative ions) are found on the inside of the plasma membrane than on the outside; the membrane is therefore polarized, or charged.  
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depolarization   cations override the negative charges in the ICF, and the inside of the membrane briefly becomes positive  
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repolarization.   Na+ gates close & K+ gates open; K+ rushes out of the cell, results in the loss of positive K+ ions, turning the inside of the membrane negative again.  
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Excitation   is the process in which action potentials in the nerve fiber lead to action potentials in the muscle fiber; it can be divided into 5 steps.  
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Excitation–contraction coupling   refers to the events that link the action potentials on the sarcolemma to activation of the myofilaments; this process has 4 steps that follow from excitation.  
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Contraction   is the step in which the muscle fiber develops tension & may shorten. Also known as the sliding filament theory. The process can be divided into 4 steps that follow excitation–contraction coupling  
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Relaxation   When stimulation ceases, a muscle fiber relaxes & returns to it resting length; the process can be divided into 5 steps that follow the contraction phase.  
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End-plate potential (EPP)   When the gates are opened, Na+ diffuses into the cell and K+ diffuses out; the sarcolemma reverses polarity from –90 mV to +75 mV, then falls back again as K+ diffuses out.  
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power stroke   Myosin releases the ADP and phosphate and flexes into a bent, low energy shape, tugging the thin filament along with it  
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Myosin ATPase   hydrolyzes ATP that is bound to the myosin head; the energy released activates the head by changing its shape into a “cocked” position  
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recovery stroke   Upon binding to another ATP, myosin releases the actin; it is now prepared to repeat the process by hydrolyzing the ATP & recocking  
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Active transport pumps   Located in the SR pump Ca2+ from the cytosol back into the cisternae.(Is why ATP is needed for muscle relaxation & contraction.  
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