Week 1
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show | 6 weeks
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show | Hemoptysis
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What is the number one cause for dyspnea? | show 🗑
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What are general causes of dyspnea other than an obstructive or restrictive lung complication? | show 🗑
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What are cardiac causes for dyspnea? | show 🗑
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show | Asthma, COPD, Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis
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show | Infections, Occupational disorders, Drugs disorders, Sarcoidosis, Kyphoscoliosis
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What happens to each of the following in Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, RV | show 🗑
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What happens to each of the following in Restrictive Pulmonary Disease? VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, RV | show 🗑
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What identifies a cough as productive? | show 🗑
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What are the 3 common causes of chronic cough? | show 🗑
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show | Pulmonary circulation which is low pressure and develops slowly.
Bronchial circulation which comes directly off the aorta has high pressure and is the cause of quick and dangerous bleeds.
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If an individual has a hemoptysis caused by a bronchial circulation bleed roughly how much blood will be coughed up? | show 🗑
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show | Pulmonary: Lung infx, Bronchitis, Small Pulmonary embolism.
Bronchial: Cancer, Mycetoma, Vasculitis
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Why don't small pulmonary embolisms cause lung infarcts? | show 🗑
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show | COPD
Lung Cancer
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
Desquamatous Interstitial Pulmonitis
Eosinophilic Granuloma
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What pulmonary conditions can be related to an individual's occupation? | show 🗑
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What pulmonary conditions tend to run in families? | show 🗑
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What is normal for FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC? | show 🗑
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If the FEV1/FVC ratio is less than 70% what is this indicative of? | show 🗑
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How does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus? | show 🗑
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What makes up the acinus of the lung? | show 🗑
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What type of cells are found proximal to the respiratory bronchioles in the airways? | show 🗑
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What makes up the defense mechanism in the major airways? | show 🗑
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Type II pneumocytes produce 4 types of surfactant. What does each do? | show 🗑
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show | Week 28
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A state in which the lung, in whole or part, is collapsed or without air? | show 🗑
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show | Resorption
Compression
Contraction
Loss of surfactant (neonatal)
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show | complete airway obstruction. The distal trapped air is reabsorbed through pores of kohn leading to collapse of portion of the lung.
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show | resorption atelectasis
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show | Ipsilat. deviation of the trachia and diaphragm elevation. Absent breath sounds and vocal vibrations (tactile fremitus) in that region.
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What is the cause of compression atelectasis? | show 🗑
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What clinical findings are associated with compression atelectasis? | show 🗑
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What are the two components of surfactant? | show 🗑
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What hormones increase surfactant production? Decrease it? | show 🗑
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show | Prematurity
Maternal diabetes
Cesarean section (stress of vaginal birth increases cortisol which increases surfactant)
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How do alveoli begin to appear histologically in neonatal atelectasis? | show 🗑
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show | distress
respiratory acidosis
ground glass appearance on Xray
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What is the danger of respiratory acidosis in neonates? | show 🗑
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show | fibrotic changes (not reversible)
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How is acute and chronic pulmonary edema differentiated histologically? | show 🗑
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What are the injuries that can result in pulmonary edema? | show 🗑
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show | transudate (little protein)
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What is the cause of ARDS? | show 🗑
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What is the prognosis of ARDS? | show 🗑
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show | Neutrophils being attracted into alveoli
Macrophages secreting PAF, Leukotrienes, Proteases, TNF, IL-8
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show | First 24 hours: edema
First week: formation of hyaline membrane
second week: interstitial inflammation and fibrosis
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