Human Anatomy & Physiology Marieb 8th Edition
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spaces within joints. | Synovial cavities
🗑
|
||||
| Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? | Dorsal
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli? | Nervous System
🗑
|
||||
| Which of these is NOT part of the dorsal cavity? Cranial Cavity, Thoracic Cavity, Spinal Cord, or Vertebral Cavity. | Thoracic Cavity
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following would NOT be a functional characteristic of life? | Decay
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? | Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? | It is considered the cause of most diseases.
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? | Intestines
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? | MRI
🗑
|
||||
| Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? | cardiovascular anatomy
🗑
|
||||
| What os the main, general purpose of negative feedback? | To maintain homeostasis
🗑
|
||||
| The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy, but as a whole you would say it is ____anatomy. | Gross
🗑
|
||||
| The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is __? | Water.
🗑
|
||||
| Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following? | Gross, Regional, Systematic, and Surface
🗑
|
||||
| Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. Molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organ | 2-1-4-3-5
🗑
|
||||
| One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ___. | Sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them.
🗑
|
||||
| Average body temperature is __ degrees in centigrade. | 37
🗑
|
||||
| An increased rate of breathins as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ____. | Excretion of metabolic waste
🗑
|
||||
| A structure that is composed of two or more tisseus would be an___. | organ
🗑
|
||||
| A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ___. | Enhancement of labor contractions
🗑
|
||||
| Match the regional/directional terms and examples: 1. The stomach is __ to the spine. 2. The upper arem is __ to the forearm. 3. The fingers are __ to the wrist. 4. The heart is __ to the stomach. 5. THe bridge of the nose is __ to the left eye. | 1. E: Anterior 2. C: Proximal 3. B: Distal 4. A: Superior 5. D: Medial
🗑
|
||||
| principle of complementarity | anatomy and physiology and inseparable
🗑
|
||||
| function always reflects ______ | structure
🗑
|
||||
| what a structure can do depends on its _____ | form
🗑
|
||||
| 6 levels of structural organization | chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
🗑
|
||||
| chemical | atoms and molecules
🗑
|
||||
| cellular | cells and their organelles
🗑
|
||||
| tissue | groups of similar cells
🗑
|
||||
| organ | 2 or more types of tissues
🗑
|
||||
| organ system | organs that work closely together
🗑
|
||||
| organism | all organ systems
🗑
|
||||
| external body covering (hair, skin, nails) | integumentary system
🗑
|
||||
| protects and supports organs, provides framework for muscles | skeletal system
🗑
|
||||
| maintains posture, produces heat, motion and facial expressions | muscular system
🗑
|
||||
| control system for the body, activates muscles and glands | nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| glands secrete hormones to regulate cell processes | endocrine system
🗑
|
||||
| transports blood carrying oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, etc; heart pumps blood | cardiovascular system
🗑
|
||||
| houses white blood cells, attacks foreign substances | lymphatic system
🗑
|
||||
| supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide | respiratory system
🗑
|
||||
| breaks down food | digestive system
🗑
|
||||
| regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of blood, eliminates waste | urinary system
🗑
|
||||
| reproduction | male and female reproductive systems
🗑
|
||||
| the study of body FUNCTIONS( include chemical, microscopic, and gross) | physiology
🗑
|
||||
| atoms in the body | chemical level
🗑
|
||||
| molecules (dna) | cellular level
🗑
|
||||
| tissue | tissue level
🗑
|
||||
| serous membrane (outside), smooth muscle tissue layers (under serous), epithelial tissue. -stomach | organ level
🗑
|
||||
| digestive system ( esophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, small/large intestine) | system level
🗑
|
||||
| person | organismal level
🗑
|
||||
| development of a cell from an unspecialized to specialized state | differentiation
🗑
|
||||
| characteritics of differentiation | cells have specialized structures and functions that differ from precursor cells, and stem cells give rise to cells that undergo differentiation
🗑
|
||||
| formation of new cells (growth, repair, or replacment) and production of a baby | reproduction
🗑
|
||||
| motion of the whole body | movement
🗑
|
||||
| increase in body size | growth
🗑
|
||||
| the breakdown of complex chemical sunstances into simpler components | catabolism
🗑
|
||||
| the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components | anabolism
🗑
|
||||
| body's ability to detect and respond to changes (decrease in bodytemp, respond to sound, nerves) | responsiveness
🗑
|
||||
| what are the necessary life functions? | maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness/irritability digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth
🗑
|
||||
| the series of regulated processes that maintains the body in a normal healthy state of equilibrium | homeostasis
🗑
|
||||
| what is homeostasis in terms of a limited range of internal conditions in which cells can operate | sodium levels in the intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid `
🗑
|
||||
| skin and structures associated with it such as hair, glands,and nails. protects the body, regulates temp, detects senstaion, makes vitamin D | intugumentary system
🗑
|
||||
| bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages. they support and protect the body, provides surface area for muscles | skeletal system
🗑
|
||||
| muscles composed of skeletal muscle tissue. produces body movements | muscular system
🗑
|
||||
| brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs (eyes/ears). generates action potentials to regulate body activites | nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| hormone producing glands and hormone producing cells in several other organs. regulates body activites by releasing hormones | endocrine system
🗑
|
||||
| blood, heart, and blood vessels. heart pumps blood thru blood vesels, blood carries Oxygen | CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
🗑
|
||||
| organs of gastrointestinal tract (mouth, throat, liver, stomach, intestins) | digestive system
🗑
|
||||
| kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra. | urinary system
🗑
|
||||
| lymphatic fluid and vessels (spleen, thymus, lymph, nodes, and tonsils) returns proteins and fluid to blood. | lymphatic system
🗑
|
||||
| lungs/air passageways. transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood | respitory system
🗑
|
||||
| gonads and associated organs. | reproductive system
🗑
|
||||
| substances that cannot be split into smaller units by ordinary chemical reactions | chemical elements
🗑
|
||||
| what is matter composed of? | atoms, nucleus, protons, neutrons,and electrons
🗑
|
||||
| located in electron shells around nucelus. 1st shell- 2, 2nd shell- 8, 3rd shell-18, 4th-18` | electrons
🗑
|
||||
| number of protons in the nucleus which is also the number of electrons | atomic number
🗑
|
||||
| total number of protons and neutrons | mass number
🗑
|
||||
| different forms of an element that contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons | isotopes
🗑
|
||||
| mass of neutrons +protons+electrons | atomic weight(atomic mass)
🗑
|
||||
| forms when atom gives up elections of gains elections. | ion
🗑
|
||||
| forms when two or more atoms share electrons | molecule
🗑
|
||||
| substance formed from different elements binding together that can be broken down into two or more different elements by ordinary chemical means | compound
🗑
|
||||
| form between a positive and negatively chaged ion | ionic bond
🗑
|
||||
| electron doners (+) | cations
🗑
|
||||
| elections takers (-) | anions
🗑
|
||||
| formed by atoms of molecules sharing 1, 2, or 3 pairs of valence electrons | covalent bonds
🗑
|
||||
| atoms share electrons equally | nonpolar bond
🗑
|
||||
| one atom attracts electons more strongly | polar bond
🗑
|
||||
| when new bonds are formed or existing bonds are broken between atoms | chemical reactions
🗑
|
||||
| mass of reactants= mass of products |
🗑
|
||||
| energy of reactants= energy of products (although, energy can be a different form) | law of conservation of mass
🗑
|
||||
| all chemical reactions in an organism | metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| capacity to do work | energy
🗑
|
||||
| energy stored by matter due to position | potential energy
🗑
|
||||
| energy stored by matter due to movement | kinetic energy
🗑
|
||||
| a type of potental energy found in chemical bonds | chemical energy
🗑
|
||||
| reaction between two or more molecules where more energy is released than utilizzed | exothermic reaction
🗑
|
||||
| in this reaction between two or more molecules, more energy is utilized than released. (energy required is often from ATP) | endothermic reaction
🗑
|
||||
| chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur | catalyst
🗑
|
||||
| in the body, what type of molecule serves the important role as catalysts for most chemical reactions? | enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form a new and larger molecule. an anabolic reaction (a +b >ab) | synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| a molecule is broken down into smaller parts. a catabolic reaction (ab >a+b) | decomposition
🗑
|
||||
| the replacement of an atom or atoms by another atom of atoms (ab+cd >ad+bc) | exchange reactions
🗑
|
||||
| end products can revert back to the original molecule (ab <> a+b) | reversible reactions
🗑
|
||||
| the most important inoganic compound | water!
🗑
|
||||
| dissolves the solute in a solution | solvent
🗑
|
||||
| contains polar covalent bonds and dissolves water | hydrophillic substance
🗑
|
||||
| contains nonpolar bonds and does not dissolve in water | hydophobic substance
🗑
|
||||
| breaks down large molecules into simpler ones by adding a molecule to water | hydolysis
🗑
|
||||
| occurs when two simple molecules join together, producing a water molecule in the process | dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| can absorb or release heat with limited change in its own temperature(water) | high heat capacity
🗑
|
||||
| requires a high temperature to change from liquid to gas(water) | high heat of vaporization
🗑
|
||||
| water is a major component of mucus and other lubricating substances | lubricant
🗑
|
||||
| a combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds | mixture
🗑
|
||||
| a substance called solvent dissolves a substance called solute | solution
🗑
|
||||
| a type of mixture where particles are dispersed in solvent but large enough to scatter light | colloid
🗑
|
||||
| a type of mixture where particles may be dispersed for a while but eventually seperate from the solvent | suspension
🗑
|
||||
| amount of any substance that has a mass in grams equal to the sum of the atomic masses of all its atoms | mole
🗑
|
||||
| dissociates into one more more hydrogen atoms and one or more anions. a proton doner | acid
🗑
|
||||
| dissociates into one or more hydoxide ions (OH) and one or more cations. proton acceptor | base
🗑
|
||||
| dissociates into cations and anions, neither of which is H or OH. responsible for maintaining the levels of many important electrolytes in the body | salt
🗑
|
||||
| means of expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution | PH scale
🗑
|
||||
| negative logarithm of concentration of hydrogen in moles/L of solution. | PH
🗑
|
||||
| Ph less than 7 | acidic
🗑
|
||||
| ph more than 7 | basic
🗑
|
||||
| groups of chemical compoounds t hat can convert a strong acid or a strong base into a weak acid or a weak base. | buffer systems
🗑
|
||||
| usually contain C, H, and O. sometimes N, S, and P. | organic molecules
🗑
|
||||
| what are the major types of organic molecules? | carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
🗑
|
||||
| glucose(blood), fructose(fruit), galactose(milk), deoxyribose(dna), ribose)rna) | monosacarides
🗑
|
||||
| sucrose(sugar-glu+fruc), lactose(milk-glu+galac), maltose(glu+glu) | disaccarides
🗑
|
||||
| the stored forms of carbs in animals(glycogen), plants(starch), and cellulose(plant cell walls) | polysaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| make up about 2-3% of the body, polar and hydrophillic | carbohydrates
🗑
|
||||
| 18-25% of body mass in lean adults. hydrophobic | lipids
🗑
|
||||
| most plentiful organic substance in body. | triglycerides
🗑
|
||||
| fatty acids that are necessary for good health but can not be made by human body. must be obtained thru food | essential fatty acids
🗑
|
||||
| carry cholersterol in the blood (LDLD=bad, HDL=good) | lipoproteins
🗑
|
||||
| formed by "hydrogenating" unsaturated fats | trans fat
🗑
|
||||
| very large organic molecules containing C, H, O, N, and P. basic units are nucleotides | nucleic acid
🗑
|
||||
| forms the genetic code in each cell. major molecule that forms a chromosome | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
🗑
|
||||
| several different forms that play key roles in protein synthesis | ribonucleic acid (RNA)
🗑
|
||||
| major component of ribosomes | rRNA
🗑
|
||||
| transfers the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein sysnthsis | mRNA
🗑
|
||||
| transports amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis | tRNA
🗑
|
||||
| how atp stores energy | atp+h20 (atpase)>adp +po4+ energy
🗑
|
||||
| adp+po4+energy (atp synthase)>atp+h20 |
🗑
|
||||
| channels in a cell for na, k, and cl | ion channels
🗑
|
||||
| provide special mechanisms for moving substances across the membrane (sodium-potassium pump) | transporters (carriers)
🗑
|
||||
| insulin receptor on cells | receptors
🗑
|
||||
| lactase on surface of simple columnar epithilial cells in small intestine digests lactose in milk | enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| hold adjacent cells together (epithilial cells, cardiac muscle cells) | linkers
🗑
|
||||
| MHC(major histocompatibility complex) or HLA (human leucocyte antigen) | cell identity markers
🗑
|
||||
| make up 12-18% of body mass, composed of amino acids, contain C,H,O,N and some S. | proteins
🗑
|
||||
| form covalent bonds between each other -specifically called a "peptide bond". 20 different ones. amino group/acidic carboxyl group/side chains. | amino acids
🗑
|
||||
| 2 amino acids bound together | dipeptide
🗑
|
||||
| 3 amino acids bound together | tripeptide
🗑
|
||||
| 4-9 amino acids bound together | peptide
🗑
|
||||
| 10 several thousand amino acids bound together | polypeptide
🗑
|
||||
| passive movement of a substance down its concentration gradient via transmembrane proteins that act as transorters | facilliated diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| transport in which cell expends energy to move a substance across the membrane against its concentration gradient through transmembrane proteins that act as transporters | active transport
🗑
|
||||
| the cell membrane is a fluid substance. the phospholipid molecules in the membrane bi-layers are in constant motion. the amount of cholesterol molecules within the cell membrane affect the fluidity- increased cholersterol makes the membrace less fluid | membrane fluidity
🗑
|
||||
| the ability to allow substances to pass through the membrane. cell membrane has selective permeability | membrace permeability
🗑
|
||||
| what can pass through the cell membrane? | non-polar, uncharged molecules such as fatty acids, small alcohols, and ammonia
🗑
|
||||
| what cant pass through the cell membrane? | larger, polar or charged molecules (with the exception of water)
🗑
|
||||
| the difference om the concentration of a substance from one location to another. | concentration gradient
🗑
|
||||
| movement of solute or solvent down their concentration gradients due to random mixing. can occur across a permeable membrane | diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| the net movement of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane | osmosis
🗑
|
||||
| factors that affect diffusion across the cell membrane | steepness of gradient, temp, size of diffusing particle, surface area for diffusion, diffusion distance
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Melissa_marie_88
Popular Anatomy sets