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Respiratory System - Vocabulary

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adenoids   lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.  
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alveolus pl-alveoli   air sac in lung.  
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apex of the lung   tip or uppermost portion of the lung. an apex is the tip of a structure. apical means pertaining to (at) the apex.  
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base of the lung   lower portion of the lung; from the Greek basis, foundation. basilar means pertaining to the base.  
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bronchioles   smallest branches of the bronchi. terminal bronchioles leans to alveolar ducts.  
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bronchus pl-bronchi   branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube.  
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carbon dioxide (CO2)   gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhales through the lungs.  
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cilia   thin hairs attached to the mucous epithelium lining the respiratory tract. they clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. Cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia.  
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diaphragm   muscle separating the chest and abdomen. it contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible.  
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epiglottis   lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.  
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expiration   breathing out (exhalation)  
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glottis   slit-like opening to the larynx.  
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hilum (of lung)   midline region where the bronchi, blood  
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