chapter 5 digestion system
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Digestion | Mechanical and chemical process that breaks foods down to release nutrients in forms the body can absorb for use.
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Ptyalin | Enzyme found in saliva
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Peristalis | muscles of the esophagus contract and relax, creating a series or wavelike movements that force the food into the stomach
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Gastric juice | acids and enzymes produced by the stomach that help food break down chemically.
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Enzyme | Specail proteins that help chemical reactions take place.
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Pepsin | Enzyme produced in the stomach
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Villi | Little fingerlike projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients from the chyme mixture.
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Anemia | When not enough iron in present in the body. characterized by lack of energy, weakness, shortness of breath, and cold hands and feet.
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Carbohydrates | First nutrients that break down chemically.
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Fats | concentrated source of energy as well as insulation for the body. contains 9 calories per gram.
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Malnutrition | Faulty or inadequate nuitrition.
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Oxidation | when glucose in cells combines with oxygen to produce energy and heat.
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RDA | (recommended dietary allowances) amount of nutient needed by 98% of the people in a given age or gender group.
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Basal matabolism | Minimum amount of energy needed to maintain body processes.
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Chyme | Churned foods in the stomach turn into a thick liquid call;
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Metabolism | using nutrients in chemical reactions that provide energy for vital processes and activities in the body.
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Pancreas | Organ that gets worn out and fails to secrete enough juice when we consume too many carbs or sugary foods.
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Calorie | Amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius.
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Glucose | sugar your body makes from foods that is transferred throughout your body by your blood stream.
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Glycogen | the storage from glucose.
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Vitamins | needed in small amounts and help regulated many vital processes.
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Minerals | these help the body work properly.
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Salivary glands | Secrete saliva into the mouth for digestion.
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Esophagus | Tube that connects your mouth to your stomach and acts as a tunnel for food to travel and digest.
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Liver | produces bile that is used in digestion.
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Gallbladder | Stores bile.
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Trachea | windpipe.
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Cardiac sphincter | small flap at the end of the esophagus acting as a door to let in foods to the stomach and not foreign objects.
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Small intestine | food travels here after the stomach. absorbs nutrients with its villi.
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Large intestine | Food moves here after traveling through the small intestine. extracts wastes.
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Automatic process | processes in the body in which happen by itself.
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Mechanical digestion. | chewing is a form of;
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Chemical digestion | stomach turning food into chyme is a form of;
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