A&P lab 3 (long bone structure & skull bones)
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| skeletal system | supports, protects, provides levers, stores lipids & minerals (calcium), hematopoiesis
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| axial skeleton | axis of skeleton - skull, vertebrae, ribs
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| appendicular skeleton | appendages
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| bone structure | compact or spongy, long, short, flat, irregular
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| diaphysis | shaft
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| epiphysis | end of long bone
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| epiphyseal plate | growth plate
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| epiphyseal line | remnants of epiphyseal plate
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| medullary cavity | central cavity of diaphysis
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| endosteum | lining of shaft
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| yellow marrow | storage for adipose tissue
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| red marrow | area involved in forming blood cells
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| periosteum | covers bone surface
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| articular cartilage | covers epiphyseal surface
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| spongy bone | composed of small trabeculae and lots of open space
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| compact bone | looks smooth & homogeneous
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| osteon | Haversian system - bone unit
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| central canal | Haversian Canal - runs parallel to long bone
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| lamellae | circles around lacunae/osteons
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| osteocytes | mature bone cells
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| lacunae | chambers that hold osteocytes
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| canaliculi | tiny canals
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| perforating canals | Volkmann's Canals - perpendicular to shaft
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| frontal bone | anterior portion of cranium
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| parietal bone | postereolateral to frontal bone
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| sagittal suture | midline articulation point of two parietal bones
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| coronal suture | point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone
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| temporal bones | inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull
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| squamous suture | point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone
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| external auditory meatus | canal leading to eardrum & middle ear
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| styloid process | needlelike projection inferior to external auditory meatus
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| zygomatic process | a bridgelike projection joining to zygomatic bone anteriorly
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| mastoid process | rough projection inferior & posterior to external auditory meatus
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| mandibular fossa | rounded depression on the inferior surface of zygomatic process, forms socket for mandibular condyle
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| jugular foramen | opening medial to the styloid process through which internal jugular vein and cranial nerves
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| carotid canal | opening medial to styloid process through which internal carotid artery passes into cranial cavity
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| internal acoustic meatus | opening on posterior aspect of temporal bone allowing passage of cranial nerves
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| foramen lacerum | a jagged opening between temporal bone and sphenoid process providing passage for many small nerves and for internal carotid artery to pass into middle cranial fossa
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| occpital bone | most posterior bone of cranium
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| lambdoidal suture | site of articulation of occipital bone & parietal bones
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| foramen magnum | large opening in base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain
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| occipital condyles | rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with first cervical vertebrae
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| hypoglossal canal | opening medial & superior to the occipital condyle through which the hypoglossal nerve passes
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| sphenoid bone | bat-shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull
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| superior orbital fissures | jagged openings in orbits providing passage for cranial nerves to enter where serve eye
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| sella turcica | a saddle-shaped region in the spenoid midline
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| optic canals (optic foramina) | opening in the bases of the lesser wings through which the optic nerves enter the orbits to serve eyes
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| foramen rotundum | opening lateral to the sella turcica that allows passage of a branch of cranial nerve
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| foramen ovale | opening posterior to sella turcica that allows passage of branch of cranial nerve
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| foramen spinosum | located in the base of the skull, on the sphenoid bone, situated lateral to foramen ovale in a posterior angle
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| ethmoid bone | irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid
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| crista galli | vertical projection providing a point of attachment for dura mater
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| cribriform plate | bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to brain from nasal mucosa
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| mandible | the lower jawbone
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| mandibular condyle | articulation point of the mandible
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| coronoid process | (in mandibular) jutting anterior portion of the ramus; site of muscle attachment
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| maxillae | two bones fused in medial suture; form upper jawbone & parts of orbits
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| palatine processes | form the anterior hard palate
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| palatine bones | paired bones posterior to palatine process
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| zygomatic bones | lateral to the maxilla; forms portion of face called cheekbone
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| lacrimal bones | fingernail-sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between maxilla & ethmoid
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| vomer | blade-shaped bone in medial plane of nasal cavity
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| hyoid bone | located in the throat above the larynx
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| fetal skull | indentations between bones are fontanels
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| anterior fontanel | soft spot on top
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| posterior fontanel | soft spot on back
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| sphenoidal fontanel | soft spot above jaws
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| mastoid fontanel | soft spot in back of jaw
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