joints
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| Articulation (joint) | point of contact between bones, cartilage and bone, or teeth and bones
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| Arthology | the study of joints
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| Arthritis | inflamation of a joint
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis | primary symptom is synovitis
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| Osteoarthritie | wear and tear on joint surfaces
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| Gouty Arthritis | due to elevated uric acid concentrations
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| Synarthroses | immovable joints
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| Amphiarthroses | slightyly moveable joints
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| Diarthroses | freely moveable joints
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| Functional Method of Classification | based on the degree of movement permitted by the joints
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| Structureal Method of Classification | based on the presence or absense of a space (synovial cavity) between bones and the kind of connective tissue that binds the bones together
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| Fibrous Joints | sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphosis
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| Sutures | located between the skull bones; interlocking and overlapping; synostoses; synarthrotic Names: coronal, squamosal, lambdoidal, and sagittal
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| Synostoses | joints present during growth but replaced by bone in adult (ex: right and left halves of frontal bone
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| Syndesmosis | bone surfaces are united by larger amound of fibrous connective tissue; not as tight as a suture; amphiarthrotic Ex: distal articulation of tibia with fibula; radioulnar interosseus membrane
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| Gomphosis | cone shaped peg fits into a socket; synarthrotic Ex: roots of teeth in maxillae or mandible
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| Cartilaginous Joints | no joint cavity; bones are connected by cartilage
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| Synchondrosis | hyaline cartilage is the connecting material; synarthrotic most common at epiphyseal plate- in time it becomes a synostosis; located between first rib and manubrium
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| Symphysis | fibrocartilage makes up connecting material; amphiarthrotic Ex: between vertebrae, at pubis Note: dentary bones fuse into the mandible and mental symphysis becomes a mental protuberance, a synostosis
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| Synovial Joints | have a cavity, articular capsule unites bones; fibrous capsule-collagenous CT; some joints have menisci of fibrocartilage (shock absorbing); all are diarthrotic
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| Gliding Joints | flat articular surfaces, one bone slides over the other in several directions Ex: carpals and tarsals; sternum-clavicle; superior and inerior articular processes of vertebrae
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| Hinge Joints | convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of the other Ex: elbow; knee with patella (sesmoid bone)
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| Pivot Joint | rounded, pointed or conical surface of one bone articulates with the shallow depression of another bone Ex: atlas-axis; proximal ends of radius and ulna
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| Ellipsoidal/Condyloid Joint | oval shped condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another bone Ex: metacarpal bone-proximal phalanx
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| Saddle Joint | articular surfaces of both bones are saddle-shaped (concave in one direction and convex in the other) Ex: trapezium metacarpal of thumb
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| Ball and Socket | ball like surface fits into cup like depression Ex: humerus with glenoid fossa of scapula; femur with acetabulum of coxal bone (ilium, ischium, and pubis)
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