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Articulations
joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Articulation (joint) | point of contact between bones, cartilage and bone, or teeth and bones |
| Arthology | the study of joints |
| Arthritis | inflamation of a joint |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | primary symptom is synovitis |
| Osteoarthritie | wear and tear on joint surfaces |
| Gouty Arthritis | due to elevated uric acid concentrations |
| Synarthroses | immovable joints |
| Amphiarthroses | slightyly moveable joints |
| Diarthroses | freely moveable joints |
| Functional Method of Classification | based on the degree of movement permitted by the joints |
| Structureal Method of Classification | based on the presence or absense of a space (synovial cavity) between bones and the kind of connective tissue that binds the bones together |
| Fibrous Joints | sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphosis |
| Sutures | located between the skull bones; interlocking and overlapping; synostoses; synarthrotic Names: coronal, squamosal, lambdoidal, and sagittal |
| Synostoses | joints present during growth but replaced by bone in adult (ex: right and left halves of frontal bone |
| Syndesmosis | bone surfaces are united by larger amound of fibrous connective tissue; not as tight as a suture; amphiarthrotic Ex: distal articulation of tibia with fibula; radioulnar interosseus membrane |
| Gomphosis | cone shaped peg fits into a socket; synarthrotic Ex: roots of teeth in maxillae or mandible |
| Cartilaginous Joints | no joint cavity; bones are connected by cartilage |
| Synchondrosis | hyaline cartilage is the connecting material; synarthrotic most common at epiphyseal plate- in time it becomes a synostosis; located between first rib and manubrium |
| Symphysis | fibrocartilage makes up connecting material; amphiarthrotic Ex: between vertebrae, at pubis Note: dentary bones fuse into the mandible and mental symphysis becomes a mental protuberance, a synostosis |
| Synovial Joints | have a cavity, articular capsule unites bones; fibrous capsule-collagenous CT; some joints have menisci of fibrocartilage (shock absorbing); all are diarthrotic |
| Gliding Joints | flat articular surfaces, one bone slides over the other in several directions Ex: carpals and tarsals; sternum-clavicle; superior and inerior articular processes of vertebrae |
| Hinge Joints | convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of the other Ex: elbow; knee with patella (sesmoid bone) |
| Pivot Joint | rounded, pointed or conical surface of one bone articulates with the shallow depression of another bone Ex: atlas-axis; proximal ends of radius and ulna |
| Ellipsoidal/Condyloid Joint | oval shped condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another bone Ex: metacarpal bone-proximal phalanx |
| Saddle Joint | articular surfaces of both bones are saddle-shaped (concave in one direction and convex in the other) Ex: trapezium metacarpal of thumb |
| Ball and Socket | ball like surface fits into cup like depression Ex: humerus with glenoid fossa of scapula; femur with acetabulum of coxal bone (ilium, ischium, and pubis) |
Created by:
sc26
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