Chapter 6 midical term.
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| arteriole | Small artery
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| calyx or calix | Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
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| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids
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| cortex | outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney
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| cortical | pertiaining to the cortex
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| creatinine | nitrogenous waste excerted in urine.
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| Creatine clearance | a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood
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| electrolyte | chemical elemnt that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necassary for functioning of muscles and nerves.
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| What do kidneys do | The kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood.
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| Erythopoieten (EPO) | Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow.
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| -poieten | a substance that forms
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| filteration | process whereby some substances,but not at all, pass through a filter.
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| glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus
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| what does glomerular capsule do? | it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through walls of the glomerulus
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| glomerulus | tiny ball capillaries (microscopic clood vessels) in the kidney
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| hilum | depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
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| kidney | one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.
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| meatus | opening or canal
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| medulla | inner region of an organ
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| renal medulla | inner region of the kidney
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| medullary | pertaining to medulla
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| nephron | combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filteration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney.
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| nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted urine
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| potassium (k+) | an electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood.
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| reabsorption | process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
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| renal artery | blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
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| renal pelvis | central collecting region in the kidney
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| renal tubule | microsopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filteration
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| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
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| renin | hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstruction (narrowing of blood vessels.
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| sodium (Na+) | an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper tranmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions
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| trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder
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| urea | malor nitrogenous waste excerted in urine
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| ureter | on of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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| urethra | tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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| uric acid | nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
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| urinary bladder | hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine
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| urination | process of expelling urine; also called micturition
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| cali/, calic/o | calyx (calix)
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| cyst/o | urinary bladder
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| glomerul/o | glomerulus
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| meat/o | meatus
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis
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| ren/o | kidney
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| trigon/o | trigone (region of bladder)
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| vesic/o | urinary bladder
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| albumin/o | albumin (a protein in blood)
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| azot/o | nitrogen
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| bacteri/o | bacteria
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| dips/o | thirst
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| kal/o | potassium
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| ket/o, kent/o | ketone bodies (ketoacidsand acetone)
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| lith/0 | stone
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| natr/o | sodium
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| noct/o | night
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| olig/o | scanty
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| pus | py/o
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| crushing | -tripsy
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| urine | ur/o
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| urin/o | urine
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| -uria | urination; urine condition
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| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
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| interstitial nephritis | inflammetion of the connective tissue that lies between renal tubules
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| nephrolithiasis | kidney stones
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| nephrotic syndrome | group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
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| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | multiple fluid- filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
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| renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) | Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
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| renal failure | kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filteration function
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| renal hypertension | high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
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| wilmus tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood
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| bladder cancer | malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
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| diabetes insipidus | antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect
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| diabetes mellitus | insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body.
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| lab test for blood urea notrogen (BUN) | measurement of urea levels in blood
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| creatinine clearance | measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
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| CT scan | X-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other views of organs and tissues
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| kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) | X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
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| renal angiography | X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney
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| retrograde pyelogram (RP) | X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder
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| voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) | X-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding
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| ultrasonography | imaging of the urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves
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| radioisotope scan | image of the kidney after injectibg a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into bloodstream
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | changing magnetic field produces images of the kidneys and surrounding structures in three planes of the body
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| cystoscopy | direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope
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| lithotripsy | Urinary tract stones are crushed
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| renal angioplasty | dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries
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| renal biopsy | removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination
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| renal transplantation | surgical tranfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
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| urinary catheterization | passage of a flexible, tubular intrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder.
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