Skin and its appendages
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Keratinocytes | show 🗑
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| show | - stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
- stratum granulosum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum basale
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| show | - deepest layer of the epidermis
- single row of stem cells that make up the youngest keratinocytes
- active cell division
- attached to underlying dermis
- rely on capillaries in dermis for nutrients
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| show | - found in stratum basale
- associated with sensory nerve endings
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| show | - make melanin and transport it to nearby keratocytes
- respond to UV radiation by increasing production of melanin and transporting to nearby keratocytes--> suntan
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| show | - shields the cell nuclei from incoming UV radiation
- more melanin in each melanocyte --> darker skin
- most abundant skin pigment
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| show | - several layers of keratinocytes connected by desmosomes
- mitosis occurs, but less than in stratum basale
- relies on capillaries in underlying dermis for nutrients
- thick bundles of intermediate filaments that contain tension resisting pre-keratin
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| Dendritic cells | show 🗑
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| Stratum granulosum | show 🗑
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| Stratum lucidum (thick skin only) | show 🗑
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| Stratum corneum | show 🗑
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| show | - located just below the dermal papillae
- supplies superficial dermal tissue, dermal papillae, and epidermis
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| dermal plexus | show 🗑
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| show | - made up of areolar CT proper
- contains dermal papillae
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| dermal papillae | show 🗑
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| show | - 80% of thickness of the dermis
- dense irregular CT
- thick bundles of interlacing collagen and elastic fibers
- separations between collagen bundles form cleavage lines
- extreme stretching can tear the collagen, causing stretch marks
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| flexure lines | show 🗑
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| show | - deep to the skin
- also called superficial fascia
- contains areolar and adipose CT
- anchors skin to underlying structures
- helps insulate the body
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| types of skin pigments | show 🗑
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| show | - distal free edge
- body
- root
- nail bed: bed of deep epidermis on which nail rests
- nail matrix: thickened proximal end where active nail growth occurs
- lunule
- nail folds
- eponychium
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| show | - flexible strand of dead, keratinized cells
- root: embedded in the skin
- shaft: projects above skin surface
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| show | - medulla: central core which consists of large cells and air spaces
- cortex: surrounds the medulla and contains several layers of flattened cells
- cuticle: outermost layer with single layer of cells that overlap
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| show | - connective tissue which is a nipple-like bit of the dermis that protrude into each hair bulb
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| hair matrix | show 🗑
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| show | - extend from epidermis into dermis
- associated with arrector pili muscle, which causes hair to stand erect in response to fear, cold, etc.
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| hair cross-sections | show 🗑
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| Hair color | show 🗑
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| show | - vellus hairs: fine and short body hairs of women and childen
- terminal hairs: longer and coarser hair of scalp, axillary, and pubic area in adults
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| Sebaceous glands | show 🗑
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| Sebum | show 🗑
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| Eccrine glands (merocrine) | show 🗑
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| Sweat | show 🗑
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| show | - large sweat glands confined to axillary, anal, & genital areas
- ducts open into hair follicles
- musky odor
- gland activity increases with sexual foreplay
- signal information about a person's immune system
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| show | - burn where only the epidermis is damaged
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| second degree burn | show 🗑
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| third degree burn | show 🗑
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| skin cancer | show 🗑
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| show | - epidermis: develops from ectoderm
- dermis and hypodermis: develop from mesoderm
- melanocytes: develop from neural crest cells which are ectoderm in origin
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