matter
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| atoms | smallest unit of matter
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| BODY (96% of body mass) | oxygen, carbon, hydogen, nitrogen
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| Ionic bonds | opposite charged ions are attracted to each other
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| ions | atom that has gained or lost electrons becomes (+) or (-)
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| cations | a (+) charged ion
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| Anions | (-) charged ion
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| covalent bonds | 2 or more atoms share electrons equally
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| polar covalent bonds | one atom attracts the shared electron more (partial (+) & (-) ends
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| Hydrogen bonds | (surface tension) water forms polorbonds, H is attracted to neighboring atoms (pool)
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| Reactants | starting substance of a reaction
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| products | ending substance after a reaction
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| activation energy | inital energy to start a reaction- increase in concentration or temperature causes atoms to collide
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| catalysis | speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed, not consumed
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| enzymes | special proteins lowering the activation energy in living tissue, can not tolerate high heat or concentrations
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| exergonic | reactings that release more energy (produce energy)
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| endergonic | reactions require more energy (absorb energy)
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| decomposition reactions | splitting up larger molecules into smaller ones (gives off energy)
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| catabolism | breaking down substances in body (sugar)
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| hydrolysis | use water to split a substance
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| synthesis reaction | combinging of substances to produce new larger molecules (requires energy)
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| anabolism | combing substances in the body (amino acids-> proteins)
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| dehydration synthesis | H2o formed while joining reactions (making something bigger)
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| exchange reactions | both compounds switch partners A-B+C-D -> A-D+B-C
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| reversible reactions | produts can revert back to original reactants AB<-->A+B (goes both ways)
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| Nutrients | ezzential elements &molecules obtained from food
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| metabolites | molecules broken down in the body
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| solubility | molecule will break or dissolve in water
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| reactivity | medium for reactions
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| high heat capacity | absorb and retain heat
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| electrolytes | inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an elestric sharge
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| hydrophilic | interact with water (loves water)
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| hydrophobic | does not interact with water (hates/fears water)
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| PH | concentration of hydogen ions (factors of 10)
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| neutral | PH of 7
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| Acidic | pH lower than 7
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| Basic | pH above 7
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| (inorganic) salts | union of cation (+)
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| (inorganic)Buffers | compound stabilize pH (convert strong acids and bases into weak ones)
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| organic compounds | Carbon and hydrogren atoms
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| Carboxyl group | acts as an acid
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| Amino group | can Accept or release H's, can form bonds
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| Hydroxyl group | link molecules through dehydration synthesis
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| Phosphate group | link molecules store energy high energy bonds
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| Carbohydrates | energy source 2-3% body mass
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| Glucose | most important metabolic fuel in body
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| Disaccharides | 2 sugar molecules (G+..)
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| polysaccharides | long chain sugars
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| Lypids | fats and oils
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| fatty acids | long carbon change with H's engergy
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| Prostaglandins | direct cellular activities
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| Glycerides | energy source
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| steroids | hormones -
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