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chemical level
matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atoms | smallest unit of matter |
| BODY (96% of body mass) | oxygen, carbon, hydogen, nitrogen |
| Ionic bonds | opposite charged ions are attracted to each other |
| ions | atom that has gained or lost electrons becomes (+) or (-) |
| cations | a (+) charged ion |
| Anions | (-) charged ion |
| covalent bonds | 2 or more atoms share electrons equally |
| polar covalent bonds | one atom attracts the shared electron more (partial (+) & (-) ends |
| Hydrogen bonds | (surface tension) water forms polorbonds, H is attracted to neighboring atoms (pool) |
| Reactants | starting substance of a reaction |
| products | ending substance after a reaction |
| activation energy | inital energy to start a reaction- increase in concentration or temperature causes atoms to collide |
| catalysis | speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed, not consumed |
| enzymes | special proteins lowering the activation energy in living tissue, can not tolerate high heat or concentrations |
| exergonic | reactings that release more energy (produce energy) |
| endergonic | reactions require more energy (absorb energy) |
| decomposition reactions | splitting up larger molecules into smaller ones (gives off energy) |
| catabolism | breaking down substances in body (sugar) |
| hydrolysis | use water to split a substance |
| synthesis reaction | combinging of substances to produce new larger molecules (requires energy) |
| anabolism | combing substances in the body (amino acids-> proteins) |
| dehydration synthesis | H2o formed while joining reactions (making something bigger) |
| exchange reactions | both compounds switch partners A-B+C-D -> A-D+B-C |
| reversible reactions | produts can revert back to original reactants AB<-->A+B (goes both ways) |
| Nutrients | ezzential elements &molecules obtained from food |
| metabolites | molecules broken down in the body |
| solubility | molecule will break or dissolve in water |
| reactivity | medium for reactions |
| high heat capacity | absorb and retain heat |
| electrolytes | inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an elestric sharge |
| hydrophilic | interact with water (loves water) |
| hydrophobic | does not interact with water (hates/fears water) |
| PH | concentration of hydogen ions (factors of 10) |
| neutral | PH of 7 |
| Acidic | pH lower than 7 |
| Basic | pH above 7 |
| (inorganic) salts | union of cation (+) |
| (inorganic)Buffers | compound stabilize pH (convert strong acids and bases into weak ones) |
| organic compounds | Carbon and hydrogren atoms |
| Carboxyl group | acts as an acid |
| Amino group | can Accept or release H's, can form bonds |
| Hydroxyl group | link molecules through dehydration synthesis |
| Phosphate group | link molecules store energy high energy bonds |
| Carbohydrates | energy source 2-3% body mass |
| Glucose | most important metabolic fuel in body |
| Disaccharides | 2 sugar molecules (G+..) |
| polysaccharides | long chain sugars |
| Lypids | fats and oils |
| fatty acids | long carbon change with H's engergy |
| Prostaglandins | direct cellular activities |
| Glycerides | energy source |
| steroids | hormones - |
Created by:
byorgey
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