JOINTS
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| What are the 3 types of joints? | 1. fibrous 2. cartilaginous 3. synovial
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| what percentage of your joints are synovial joints? | 90%
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| what are the characteristics of synovial joints? | highly moveable and they all have synovial capsule surrounding the entire joint (synovial membrane) which secretes synovial fluid and cartilage which pads the ends of the articulating bones.
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| what is a synovial capsule? | collagenous structure that surrounds the entire joint
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| what is the synovial membrane? | the inner layer of epithelial tissue of the capsule which secretes synovial fluid. there is blood supply here so oxygen gets in indirectly.
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| what is hyaline cartilage? | cartilage which pads the ends of the articulating bones
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| what are the 3 things synovial joints have? | 1. synovial capsule 2. synovial membrane 2. hyaline cartilage
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| what is synovial fluid? | lubricating liquid that has a consistency of snot (thick and slippery). these surfaces move past one another with minimal friction
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| what are ligaments? | attachments of bone to bone
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| joints that are not moveable are? | 1. cranial joints 2. joints between sacrum and 2 hip bones (sacrohippum joints) 3. teeth
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| what are periodontal ligaments? | ligament that holds teeth down. made of collagen
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| what happens when you crack your knuckles? | increase volume between the ones so pressure drops caused by pulling nitrogen bubbles out of blood.
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| why can't you crack knuckles right after you crack them once? | there is a period of time you need to wait for nitrogen bubbles to go back into solution again
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| what are fibrous joints? | joints help together by ligaments. i.e. teeth= periodontal ligaments
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| what are articular capsules? | articular capsules surround each synovial joint
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| what part of the bone erodes? | cartilage, but this does not have to do with old age
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| what are cartilagenous joints? | connection between articulating bones. i.e. vertebrae, chest(sternum)
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| 3 types of synovial joints are? | 1. hinge joint 2. condyloid joints 3. ball and socket joints
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| example of hinge joint | elbow and knee
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| what kind of movement does hinge joint have? | flexion/extension
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| examples of condyloid joints | wrist/phalanges
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| what kind of movement does condyloid joints have? | flexion/extension adduction/abduction circumduction
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| examples of ball and socket joints | shoulder and hip
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| what kind of movement does ball and socket have? | flexion/extension adduction/abduction internal and external rotation
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| how stable are mobile joints? | most mobile joints are least stable
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| First Class lever | weight and force are on opposite sides of the fulcrum. muscle on either side of fulcrum. very rare in the body
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| examples of first class lever | skull and atlas vertebrae of the spine
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| Second Class lever | load is between the fulcrum and the force. weight is on the side of the fulcrum
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| examples of second class lever | pushing or pulling across the heel of the foot
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| third class lever | force is between the fulcrum and load. used 90% of the time by muscles.
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| examples of third class lever | elbow joint.picking up something or fishing
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| what happens to the muscles when you do work? | even the long ones shorten about .5-1 inch
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| what is the disc? | fiber cartilage. it is flexible but has higher collagen component. it is still, but compressible. it is hard to repair than regular cartilage
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| what is a meniscus? | knee disc. makes joints fit together better. keeps them froms liding off by creating a concave place for the heads of bones to fit
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| what is a labrum? | shoulder disc. fiber cartilage that runs around glenoid. it makes the surface that the shoulder is sitting in bigger and more concave
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| what is TMJ? | jaw disc. can open jaw and then open it even further. you can feel it drop and swing forward.
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| articular disc allow for jaw to? | open further, drop, and swing forward
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| what happens when someone has TMJ? | usually from chewing gum. basically occurs when there is a loose disc in the fossa. it sits into position and snaps back.
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| do discs wear out? | yes! as you get older, discs wear out
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| what areas of your body have the most stress? | knees, hips, and shoulders
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| how many ligaments to most important joints have? | about half a dozen
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| what is bursa? | fluid-filled sac, lined with synovial membranes, that occurs near a joint. allows the skin to move around.
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| what is bursitis? | inflammation of bursa. if the bursa become inflammed then it fills up with fluid.
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| what is articular cartilage? | aka hyaline cartilage that has its surface moving past each other. there no is no blood supply nor nerve supply. important in movement of one bone against another.
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Created by:
dyoungee
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