Blood terms etc
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| Formed Elements of Blood | Red Blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets
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| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells
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| Leukocytes | White blood cells
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| Thrombocytes | platelets
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| Packed cell volume or hematocrit | volume percent of red blood in whole blood
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| Average hematocrit for a man | 45%
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| Generalized functions of blood | Transport hormones nutrients, enzymes, buffers regulating body heat,
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| blood percentage of two major blood components | 55% plasma, 45% formed elements
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| Average blood volume | men 8% of total body weight or 5-6 liters Women 8% of total body weight or 4-5 liters
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| Plasma | liquid part of the blood minus the blood cells
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| Serum | liquid part of blood minus the blood cells and clotting elements
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| How is hematocrit (packed cell volume) determined? | centrifuge to seperate plasma and red blood
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| Primary component of red blood cells | hemoglobin
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| Average red blood cell counts | men 5,500,000 per cubic millimeter, women 4,800,000 per cubic millimeter
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| function of red blood cells | critcal role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body
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| where red blood cells are formed | adult- red bone marrow embryo- spleen, liver, fetal yolk sac
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| where red blood cells are destroyed | liver, spleen, bone, marrow
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| structure of hemoglobin | four protein chains each with a heme group. Each heme group contains one iron. Therefore each hemoglobin contains 4 iron atoms
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| erythropoiesis | process of red blood cell formation
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| erythropoietin | hormone produced by kidney that promotes production of red blood cells
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| bilirubin | enzyme produced by liver used in the processesing of beta kerotine
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| CBC (Complete Blood Count) | collection of tests whose results when interpreted as a whole can yeild enormous amounts of information regarding a person's health
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| 5 types of leukocytes | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes (Never Eat Bannanas Like Monkeys)
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| Order of 5 leukocytes in number from most to least | Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bannanas)
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| Two main classes of Leukocytes | Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
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| 3 types of leukocytes classified as granulocytes | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
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| 2 types of leukocytes classified as Agranulocytes | lymphocytes and monocytes
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| average number of white blood cells | 5,000-9,000 per cubic millimeter
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| where white blood cells are formed | red bone marrow
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| 3 main physical properties of platelets | agglutination, adhesiveness, and aggregation
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| average platelet count | about 250,000 per cubic millimeter
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| function of platelets | hemostasis and blood clotting
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| formation of platelets | red bone marrow, lungs and from fragmentation of megakaryotypes by the spleen
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| antigens | substance that when introduced into the body causes formation of anitbodies against it
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| antibodies | substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a specific substance (antigen) that has entered the body
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| Blood types | A, B, AB, O
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| Rh positive | Rh antigen is present
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| Rh negative | no Rh antigen present
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| Universal Donor | Type O
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| Universal recipient | Type AB
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| Erythroblastosis fetalis | When mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+ the mother's anitbodies react with the baby's Rh + cells
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| RhoGAM | protein marked injection so help stop a Rh- mother's body producing antigens against the next Rh+ baby
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| Composition of blood plasma | 90% water 10% solutes (solutes are 8% proteins: Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen and 2% other: ions, nutrients, waste, gases, regulatory substances)
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| coumadin | blood thinner
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| heparin | antithrombin blood thinner produced by the body
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| 5 Functions of blood | O2 from lungs to cells Nutrients Transports wastes Regulates body temperature Regulates Ph of body fluids Prevents blood loss Prevents infection
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| Plasma | CELLULAR FLUID non formed part of blood (55%) that is non living + water/Ions/Nutrients/Wastes/Proteins(FIBRINOGEN)
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| Serum | Plasma WITHOUT FIBRINOGEN (clotting protein)
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| Neutrophil | Active Phagocyte - number increases during short term infections
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| Lymphocyte | part of immune system'B' lymphocyte - antibodies 'T' Lymphocyte graft rejection, fighting tumors & viruses
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| Monocyte | Active Phagocyte that become Macrophages in tissues - Long term 'clean up team'
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| Eosinophil | Kill parasitic worms: increase during allergy attacks might phagocytize antigen antibody
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| Basophil | Granules contain Histamine (vasodilator) which is discharged at sight of inflammation
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| Lymphoid Tissue | Spleen or Thymus
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| Hemocytoblast | Stem Cell
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| Myeloid Cell | Derived from Hemosytoblast (stem cell) Forms Myeloblast and Monoblast
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| Myeloblast | Forms Promyelocyte
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| Promyelocyte | Forms Eosinophils Neutrophils Basophils
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| Monoblast | Forms Promonocyte
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| Prolymphocyte | Forms Lymphocytes and some plasma cells
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| Lymphoblast | Forms Prolymphocyte
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| Promonocyte | Forms Monocytes - some become wandering Macrophages
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| Erythropoiesis | Genesis of new red blood cells
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| RBC's production stimulated by? | Hypoxia (inadequate o2 to the tissues)
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| Erythropoiten released by? | Kidney (and liver to smaller extent)
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| Erythropoietin stimulates? | Red bone marrow to produce RBC
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| Normoblast | Precursor to Erythrocyte in immature state - Body pushing RBC out too fast
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| Hemoblast | Blood forming cells
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| Thromboplastin | Lipoprotein complex: released from damaged tissue
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| Prothrombin | Plasma protein: synthesized by liver-formation requires Vit K
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| Thrombin | Enzyme that induces clotting by converting Fibrinogen to Fibrin
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| Fibrin | Fibrous insoluble protein formed during the clotting of blood - synthesized by the liver
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| Serotonin | Chemical messenger - vasoconstrictor
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| Prostoglandin | Attracts platelets/vasoconstrictor
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| Megakaryoblast | Precursor of Platelets
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| Polycythemia | High RBC count /Sluggish flow - causes: Bone Marrow cancer/high altitude
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| Hemophilia | Prolonged bleeding
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| Hemophilia Type A | Low in clotting factor VIII (83%)
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| Hemophilia Type B | Low in clotting factor IX
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| Hemophilia treatment? | Give factor injections or transfused blood
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| Leukemia | WBC Cancer - Increased Mitosis of non functional (immature) cells - crowd out other cells
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| Leukopenia | Low WBC count
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| Leukopenia causes | Mitotic inhibitors/high glucocorticoid levels
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| Intrinsic Factor | Surrounds B12 and protects it from acid environment in stomach
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| B12 | Important for formation of RBC and maintenance of CNS
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Created by:
gdemuth
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