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Blood
Blood terms etc
| Hint | Answer |
|---|---|
| Formed Elements of Blood | Red Blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets |
| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells |
| Leukocytes | White blood cells |
| Thrombocytes | platelets |
| Packed cell volume or hematocrit | volume percent of red blood in whole blood |
| Average hematocrit for a man | 45% |
| Generalized functions of blood | Transport hormones nutrients, enzymes, buffers regulating body heat, |
| blood percentage of two major blood components | 55% plasma, 45% formed elements |
| Average blood volume | men 8% of total body weight or 5-6 liters Women 8% of total body weight or 4-5 liters |
| Plasma | liquid part of the blood minus the blood cells |
| Serum | liquid part of blood minus the blood cells and clotting elements |
| How is hematocrit (packed cell volume) determined? | centrifuge to seperate plasma and red blood |
| Primary component of red blood cells | hemoglobin |
| Average red blood cell counts | men 5,500,000 per cubic millimeter, women 4,800,000 per cubic millimeter |
| function of red blood cells | critcal role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body |
| where red blood cells are formed | adult- red bone marrow embryo- spleen, liver, fetal yolk sac |
| where red blood cells are destroyed | liver, spleen, bone, marrow |
| structure of hemoglobin | four protein chains each with a heme group. Each heme group contains one iron. Therefore each hemoglobin contains 4 iron atoms |
| erythropoiesis | process of red blood cell formation |
| erythropoietin | hormone produced by kidney that promotes production of red blood cells |
| bilirubin | enzyme produced by liver used in the processesing of beta kerotine |
| CBC (Complete Blood Count) | collection of tests whose results when interpreted as a whole can yeild enormous amounts of information regarding a person's health |
| 5 types of leukocytes | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes (Never Eat Bannanas Like Monkeys) |
| Order of 5 leukocytes in number from most to least | Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bannanas) |
| Two main classes of Leukocytes | Granulocytes and Agranulocytes |
| 3 types of leukocytes classified as granulocytes | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils |
| 2 types of leukocytes classified as Agranulocytes | lymphocytes and monocytes |
| average number of white blood cells | 5,000-9,000 per cubic millimeter |
| where white blood cells are formed | red bone marrow |
| 3 main physical properties of platelets | agglutination, adhesiveness, and aggregation |
| average platelet count | about 250,000 per cubic millimeter |
| function of platelets | hemostasis and blood clotting |
| formation of platelets | red bone marrow, lungs and from fragmentation of megakaryotypes by the spleen |
| antigens | substance that when introduced into the body causes formation of anitbodies against it |
| antibodies | substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a specific substance (antigen) that has entered the body |
| Blood types | A, B, AB, O |
| Rh positive | Rh antigen is present |
| Rh negative | no Rh antigen present |
| Universal Donor | Type O |
| Universal recipient | Type AB |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis | When mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+ the mother's anitbodies react with the baby's Rh + cells |
| RhoGAM | protein marked injection so help stop a Rh- mother's body producing antigens against the next Rh+ baby |
| Composition of blood plasma | 90% water 10% solutes (solutes are 8% proteins: Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen and 2% other: ions, nutrients, waste, gases, regulatory substances) |
| coumadin | blood thinner |
| heparin | antithrombin blood thinner produced by the body |
| 5 Functions of blood | O2 from lungs to cells Nutrients Transports wastes Regulates body temperature Regulates Ph of body fluids Prevents blood loss Prevents infection |
| Plasma | CELLULAR FLUID non formed part of blood (55%) that is non living + water/Ions/Nutrients/Wastes/Proteins(FIBRINOGEN) |
| Serum | Plasma WITHOUT FIBRINOGEN (clotting protein) |
| Neutrophil | Active Phagocyte - number increases during short term infections |
| Lymphocyte | part of immune system'B' lymphocyte - antibodies 'T' Lymphocyte graft rejection, fighting tumors & viruses |
| Monocyte | Active Phagocyte that become Macrophages in tissues - Long term 'clean up team' |
| Eosinophil | Kill parasitic worms: increase during allergy attacks might phagocytize antigen antibody |
| Basophil | Granules contain Histamine (vasodilator) which is discharged at sight of inflammation |
| Lymphoid Tissue | Spleen or Thymus |
| Hemocytoblast | Stem Cell |
| Myeloid Cell | Derived from Hemosytoblast (stem cell) Forms Myeloblast and Monoblast |
| Myeloblast | Forms Promyelocyte |
| Promyelocyte | Forms Eosinophils Neutrophils Basophils |
| Monoblast | Forms Promonocyte |
| Prolymphocyte | Forms Lymphocytes and some plasma cells |
| Lymphoblast | Forms Prolymphocyte |
| Promonocyte | Forms Monocytes - some become wandering Macrophages |
| Erythropoiesis | Genesis of new red blood cells |
| RBC's production stimulated by? | Hypoxia (inadequate o2 to the tissues) |
| Erythropoiten released by? | Kidney (and liver to smaller extent) |
| Erythropoietin stimulates? | Red bone marrow to produce RBC |
| Normoblast | Precursor to Erythrocyte in immature state - Body pushing RBC out too fast |
| Hemoblast | Blood forming cells |
| Thromboplastin | Lipoprotein complex: released from damaged tissue |
| Prothrombin | Plasma protein: synthesized by liver-formation requires Vit K |
| Thrombin | Enzyme that induces clotting by converting Fibrinogen to Fibrin |
| Fibrin | Fibrous insoluble protein formed during the clotting of blood - synthesized by the liver |
| Serotonin | Chemical messenger - vasoconstrictor |
| Prostoglandin | Attracts platelets/vasoconstrictor |
| Megakaryoblast | Precursor of Platelets |
| Polycythemia | High RBC count /Sluggish flow - causes: Bone Marrow cancer/high altitude |
| Hemophilia | Prolonged bleeding |
| Hemophilia Type A | Low in clotting factor VIII (83%) |
| Hemophilia Type B | Low in clotting factor IX |
| Hemophilia treatment? | Give factor injections or transfused blood |
| Leukemia | WBC Cancer - Increased Mitosis of non functional (immature) cells - crowd out other cells |
| Leukopenia | Low WBC count |
| Leukopenia causes | Mitotic inhibitors/high glucocorticoid levels |
| Intrinsic Factor | Surrounds B12 and protects it from acid environment in stomach |
| B12 | Important for formation of RBC and maintenance of CNS |
Created by:
gdemuth
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