Review for Special Senses and Endocrine System
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| Define Hormone | Steroidal or amino acid based molecules released to the blood that act as chemical messengers to regulate specific functions
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| Define Otolith | A jelly-like mass studded with calcium carbonate crystals
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| Define Saccule | Is continuous with the membranous labbyrinth extending anteriorly into the cochlea
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| Define Prostaglandin | A lipid-based chemical messenger synthesized by most tissue cells that acts locally as a paracrine
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| Define Epinephrine | Chief hormone produced by the adrenal medulla
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| How can a hormone affect one cell, but not another in the same region? | Each hormone has a chemical structure htat activates only the cells it fits with. When the hormone meets the cells its intended to affect, it can elicit a specific response in that type of cell only.
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| Describe Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and explain its effects on the body. | 3 stages:1.Alarm-"fight or flight" response 2.Resistance-adaptation part of syndrome 3.Exhaustion-if constant & serious death may occur.Alarm-increase adrenaline, resistance-people try to adapt, body may change to cope, Exhaustion-could lead to
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| The secretion of __________is most affected by light | Melatonin
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| Arachicdonic acid is the precursor of? | All prostaglandins
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| Which is known as the "second messenger"? | cAMP
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| Clouding of the lens is known as? | Cataracts
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| Which term is not associated with this group?a.perilymph b.scala vestibuli c.rod d.endolymph e.round window | Rod
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| Which type of gland is associated with the external ear? | Cerumonious
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| What "dampens" waves in the perilymph? | Force of stapes on the membranous labyrinth
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| Which is most important in night vision?a.Rods b.cones c.choroid d.lens e.macula lutea | Rods
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| Which would be found in the anterior chamber of the eye?a.vitreous humor b.aqueous humor c.perilymph d.endolymph e.cerebrospinal fluid | Aqueous humor
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| Which could be found in lacrimal fluid?a.ADH b.lysozyme c.HCl d.Au e.tiny pieces of the retina that have broken loose | Lysozyme
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| Which tunic is most important in maintaining the shape of they eye?a.retina b.choroid c.lens d.scelera e.superior oblique muscle | Scelera
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| Lacriaml fluid usually drains into the?a.nasal cavity b.gastric pits c.anterior chamber d.blood vessels of the carotid artery | Nasal cavity
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| Which is not a basic taste?a.sweet b.sour c.salt d.bitter e.chocolate | Chocolate
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| Which cranial nerve is not involved with a special sense?a.vagus b.optic c.olfactory d.glossopharyngeal e.facial | Vagus
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| Term that refers to the bending of light? | Refraction
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| Hormone primairly responsible for setting the basal metabolic rate? | Thyroine
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| Hypothalamic relasing hormones are? | Transported by portal veins to the anterior pituitary
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| What do testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone all have in common? | They are amino acid derivatives
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| Which does not belong in this group of terms?a.thyroid b.pituitary c.pancreas d.stomach e.adrenals | Stomach
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| Which is an antagonistic to calcitonin?a.TSH b.GH c.PTH d.ADH e.ACTH | PTH
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| Which hormone would not be involved with this group of hormones?a.oxytocin b.LH c.follicle stimulating hormone d.prolactin e.gh | GH
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| Which would not be released by the adrenal gland?a.mineralcorticoids b.gluccorticoids c.sex steroids d.epinephrine e.ADH | Mineralcorticoids
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| Which works most closely with the sympathetic "fight or flight" response?a.adrenal cortex b.adrenal medulla c.thyroid gland d.pineal gland e.pancreas | Adrenal medulla
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| Define Photoreceptor | Specialed receptor cells that respond to light energy; rods and cones
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| Define Malleus | Is a hammer shaped small bone of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to innere surface of the eardrum
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| Define Olfaction | Has to do with our sense of smell
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| Why do our eyes water when we get a common "cold"? | The nasal cavity mucosa is continuous with that of the lacrimal duct system, a cold often causes the lacrimal mucosa to become inflamed adn swell. This swelling constricts the ducts and prevents tears from draining from the eye surface
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| Describe three basic chemical classifications of hormones and describe how each acts on target cells. | autocrine-signals itself thru a chemical that it synthesizes&then responds 2.Paracrine-Chemical signals that diffuse into the area & interact with receptors on nearby cells. Endocrine-Chemicals are secreted into blood & tissue fluids 2 cells they act upon
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| Blood vessles are found in which part of the eye?a.cornea b.lens c.choroid d.aqueous humour | Choroid
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| Part of eye that is made up of nervous tissue is?a.scelera b.choroid c.iris d.retina | Retina
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| The function of the lacrimal apparatus is to? | Secrete tears
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| Which is not part of the bony labyrinth?a.semicirucular canals b.malleus c.vestibule d.cochlea | Malleus
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| Major function of the utricle and saccule in the vestibule is? | Detect position of the head
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| The semicircular canals are in __________ planes of the body? | 3
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| Movement of hair cells in the organ of corti against the __________ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse conduction | Tectorial
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| The olfactory nerve carries impulses associated with? | Smell
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| Which is not one of the four taste sensations?a.acid b.sour.c.bitter d.sweet | Sour
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| Hyposecretion of GH in children results in? | Pituitary dwarfism
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| Melanocyte stimulating hormone affects? | Skin color
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| The production of glucocorticoids is stimulated by antor hormone from? | Anterior pituitary
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| Which of the following is not a possible role played by hormones? | Symbiotic
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| What part of the nervous system acts to accelerate the rage of adrenal medulla hormone discarge | Sympathetic division of ANS
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| An abnormally high metabolic rate could be associated with the functioning of? | Thyroid gland
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| Gland that serves in both an exocrine and endocrine capacity is? | Pancreas
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| Hormones produced by the islands of Langerhans affect the body's utilization of? | Glucose
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| The adrenal gland is to the kidneys as the parathyroid gland is to the? | Thyroid
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| Mechanoreceptors are to pressure as photoreceptors are to? | Light
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| Which organs consist of small areas of mucous epithelium on either side of the nasal septum? | Olfactory
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| Which of the following is not a type of papillae on the human tongue?a.filiform b.ovulate c.fungiform d.circumvallate | Ovulate
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| What cartilagnious structure surrounds the external auditory meatus of the ear? | Pinna
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| Waxy material in the ear is product of? | Cerumnious glands
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| The organ of hearing is housed within? | The vestibule
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| Which of the following is not a layer of the eye?a.fibrous tunic b.connective tunic c.vascular tunic d.neural tunic | Connective tunic
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| Contraction of the iris changes the size of the? | Pupil
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| The anterior and posterior portions of the eye contain a fluid called? | Aqueous humour and vitreous humor
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| Which structures are black and white sensitive; and which one are color sensitive? | Rods and cones
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| Night blindness is treated with? | Vitamin A
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| Visual pigment are derivatives of the compound? | Rhodopsin
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| Hormones change all but which of the following characteristics of enzymes?a.identity b.activity c.quantity d.site of production | Site of production
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| The thyroid hormones are all structural derivatives of the amino acid __________ and contains the element __________? | Thyroxine and iodine
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| The most noteable stimulus for the release of ADH is? | A rise in blood electrolyte and fall in blood pressure or volume
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| To decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys is the primary function of what hormone? | ADH
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