Chemistry
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| Matter | Has mass, occupies space
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| 3 states of matter | liquid, solid, gas
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| Atomic Structure | Nucleus, Electrons, Protons
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| Nucleus | Protons (+) , Neutrons (no change)
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| Electron (-) | Orbiting the nucleus, in shells (orbitals, have a negative electrical charge
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| Protons (+) | have positive electrical charge
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| Neutrons | are neutral, uncharged
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| Atomic Number | number of protons (smaller #)
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| Atomic Weight (Mass) | number of protons and neutrons
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| Isotopes | variation in the # of neutronsHalf lifetime it takes for half of the element to decay
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| Atomic Symbol | Letter abbreviation1st letter capitalized2nd letter lower case
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| Electrons shells | outer rings that circle the atom
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| Chemical Bonding | taking smaller to make larger (anabolic)
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| Ionic Bonding | gain and loss of an electrons ie..Na + Cl = NaCl
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| Ion (electrolytes) | Charged element
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| Cation | has a positive charge ie...Na+
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| Anion | has a negative chargeie...Cl-
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| Covalent Bonding | sharing of electrons between 2 elements
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| Non polar | equal sharing of e-
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| Polar | unequal sharing of e-
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| Hydrogen Bonding | H bonds to either O or N that is already in a molecule or compound
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| Molecule | 2 like elements coming together
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| Compound | 2 or more different elements
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| Chemical Reaction | metabolism- building up or breaking down
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| Potential energy | stored energy
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| Kinetic energy | energy being used
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| Factors effecting chemical reaction rates | 1. Temperature 2. Size 3. Concentration 4. pH 5. Biological Catalyst (enzyme)
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| Acid | release a hydrogen (H+) ion (proton)
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| Base | accepts hydrogen ion proton (H+)release hydroxylions (OH-)
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| Buffers | (resist small change in the pH of solutions)weak acid or weak base that will either release or accept hydrogen ions to maintain the pH with a range
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