Week 2- Organic Molecules III
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| what are isomers? | compounds with the same molecular formula but atoms arranged differently in space leading to different chemical or physical properties
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| types of isomerism? | structural, stereoisomers, positional, functional group and optical
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| types of structural isomers? | branched, positional or functional
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| what is a branched chain structural isomer? | carbon atoms arranged differently in chain
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| what is positional chain structural isomer? | functional groups attached to different points in main chain
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| what are functional group structural isomers? | have different functional groups
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| what are stereoisomers? | same structural formula but different spatial arrangement
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| types of stereoisomers? | geometric and optical
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| what are the types of isomers in geometric isomers? | cis (Z) and (E) trans
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| what would happen if a rotation occurred in a cis-trans isomer? | break pi bond within the double bond
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| requirements for a cis-trans isomerism? | rotation must be restricted in molecule and there must be two non-identical groups on each double bonded carbon atom
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| describe E isomer? | two high priority groups on different sides
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| describe Z isomer? | two high priority groups on the same side
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| optical isomers? | same molecular and structural formula but cannot be superimposed, where the chiral carbon is surrounded by 4 different groups
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| what are the two different forms of optical isomers called? | enantiomers
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| R chiral carbon? | clockwise direction of priority group
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| S chiral carbon? | anticlockwise direction of priority groups
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| what optical isomer form of ibuprofen is active? | S-form
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| what optical isomer of thalidomide is effective as a sedative? | R-form of thalidomide
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| what optical isomer of thalidomide causes severe birth defects? | S-form
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