Define and describe
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| A band | overlapping thick and thin filaments
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| actin | globular protein with myosin binding sites
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| myosin | consists of two twisted strands with globular cross-bridges projected outward along the strands
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| tropomyosin and troponin | two proteins associated with the surface of the actin filaments
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| fascia | layers of dense connective tissue, surround and separate each muscle
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| fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers inside the perimysium
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| perimysium | divide skeletal muscle into bundles of muscle fibers
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| perimysium | surrounds the entire muscle
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| endomysium | surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber (cell), and ties adjacent mucle fibers together
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| aponeurosis | broad sheet of tendon that connects different skeletal muscles
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| tendon | bands of collagen fibers that attach skeletal muscles to bones
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| what are the layers of connective tissue that make up a muscle | epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
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| axons | nerve fibers
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| multinucleate | muscle cell that contains hundreds of nuclei
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| sarcolemma | cell membrane of a muscle fiber
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| sarcoplasm | cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
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| transverse "T" tubules | form pathways through the muscle fiber. Key role in coordination of the muscle fiber
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| myofibrils | bundles of thick and thin filaments
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| myofilaments | protein filaments consisting primarily of actin and myosin
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| actin molecules | found in thin filaments
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| myosin molecules | found in thick filaments
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| function of myofibrils | responsible for muscle fiber contraction
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum "SR" | specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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| terminal cisternae | expanded chambers of SR, contain high concentrations of calcium ions
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| when does muscle contraction begin | when stored calcium ions are released from the terminal cisternae info the sarcoplasm
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| sacromeres | repeating functional units of myofilaments, smallest functional unit of the muscle fiber
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| cross-bridges | myosin heads of connected thick and thin filaments
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| nueromuscular junction | the site where the motor neuron and muscle fiber meet
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| motor neuron | nerve cell that controlls a skeletal muscle fiber
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| acetylecholine | within synaptic terminal, "ACh", neurotransmitter, chemical released by a neuron to communicate with other cells
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| the release of ACh from the synaptic terminal results in | changes in the sarcolemma that trigger the contraction of a muscle fiber
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| synaptic cleft | separates the synaptic terminal from the sarcolemma
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| motor end plate | the portion of the muscle fiber where the sarcolemma is tightly folded to contain receptors that bind Ach, and where nucei and mitochindria are abundant
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| acetylcholinesterase | "AChE", breaks down molecules of ACh, stored in synaptic cleft and motor end plate
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| action potential | electical impulses in the sarcolemma
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| how do neurons control skeletal muscles | by stimulatin the production of an action potential
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| latent period | begins at stimulation
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| twitch | a single stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber
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| contraction phase | tension rises to a peak
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| relaxation phase | muscle tension falls to resting levels as calcium levels drop, active sites are being covered, and the number of cross-bridges declines
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| creatine phosphate | stores excess energy released by the mitochondria, is present to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate
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| tetanus | caused by exotoxin from Clostidium tetani, the toxin inhibits certain inhibitory neurons in the spinal chord, both antagonistic groups of muscles contract and the body becomes rigid
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| orgin | the immovable end of a muscle
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| insertion | the movable end of a muscle
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| contraction | pulls the insertion towards the orgin
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| prime mover | the muscle in a group of muscles that is doing the majority of the work
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| synergists | helper muscles
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| antagonists | opposing muscles
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| major muscles of the face | epicranius, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomatigus, platysma
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| chewing muscles | masseter, temporalis
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| major muscles that move the head | sternocleinomastoid, splenius capitis, semispinalis
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Created by:
Anthony 619
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