Chapter 13 & 14 Vocabulary for Final
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| Albumin | protein in blood
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| Antibody | protein produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens.
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| Antigen | Substance usually foreign that stimulates the production of an antibody.
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| Basophil | Granulocytic white blood cell with granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye.
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| Bilirubin | Orange-yellow pigment in bile.
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| Coagulation | Blood Clotting
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| Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF) | Protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells.
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| Differentiation | Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures.
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| Electrophoresis | Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge.
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| Eosinophil | Granuloyctic white blood cell with granules that stain red with the acidic dye eosin.
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| Erythrocyte | Red blood cell. There are about 5 million per microliter or cubic millimeter of blood.
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| Erythropoietin (EPO) | Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates formation of red blood cells.
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| Fibrin | Protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot.
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| Fibrinogen | Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process.
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| Globulins | Part of blood containing different plasma proteins.
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| Granulocyte | White blood cell with nemerous dark-staining granules.
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| Heme | Iron-containing nonprotein portion of hemoglobin molecule.
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| Hemoglobin | Blood protein containing iron.
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| Hemolysis | Destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells).
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| Heparin | Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells.
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| Immune Reaction | Response of the immune system to foreign invasion.
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| Immunoglobulin | Protein with antibody activity.
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| Leukocyte | White blood cell.
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| Lymphocyte | Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies.
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| Macrophage | Moncyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces.
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| Megakaryocyte | Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow.
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| Monocye | Large mononuclear phagocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow.
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| Mononuclear | Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocyte and moncytes are mononuclear leukocytes.
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| Neutrophil | Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow; a phagocyte with neutral-staining granules.
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| Plasma | Liquid portion of blood; contains water, protein, salts, nutrients, hormones and vitamins.
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| Plasmapheresis | Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge.
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| Platelet | Smallest blood cell (thrombocyte); these cells clump at sites of injury to prevent bleeding and facilitate clotting.
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| Prothrombin | Plasma protein.
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| Reticulocyte | Immature erythrocyte with a network of strands that are seen after staining the cell with special dyes.
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| Rh Factor | Antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive individulas.
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| Serum | Plasma minus clotting protein and cells. Clear yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot.
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| Stem Cell | Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms.
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| Thrombin | Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation.
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| Thrombocyte | Platelet.
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| Acquired Immunity | Formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen.
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| Adenoids | Masses of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.
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| Antibody | Protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens.
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| Antigen | Substance that the body recognizes as foreign.
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| Axillary Node | Any of the 20 to 30 lymph nodes in the armpit.
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| B Cell | Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.
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| Cell-Mediated Immunity | An immune response involving T lymphocytes; antigens are destroyed by direct action of cells, as opposed to by antibodies.
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| Cervical Node | One of many lymph nodes in the neck region.
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| Cytokine | Protein (made by T lymphocytes) that aids antigen destruction.
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| Cytotoxic T cell | T lymphocyte that directly kill foreign cells.
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| Dendritic Cell | Cell (specialized macrophage) that ingests antigens and presents them to T cells.
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| Helper T Cell | Lymphocyte that aids B cells in recgonizing antigens and stimulating antibody production.
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| Humoral Immunity | Immune response in which B cells transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies.
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| Immune Response | Body's capacity to resis foreign organisms and toxins that can damage tissue and organs.
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| Immunoglobulins | Antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in humoral immunity.
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| Immunotherapy | Use of immunologic knowledge and techniques to treat or prevent disease.
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| Inguinal Node | One of several lymph nodes in the groin region.
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| Interferons | Antiviral proteins secreted by T cells.
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| Interleukins | Protein that stimulates the growth of B or T lymphocytes and activate specific components of the immune response.
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| Interstitial Fluid | Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.
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| Killer T cell | Cytotoxic T cell lymphocytes that recgonizes and destroys foreign cells (viruses and tumor cells).
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| Lymph | Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessles and collected from tissue throughout the body.
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| Lymph Capillaries | Tiniest lymphatic vessles.
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| Lymphoid Organs | Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.
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| Lymph Node | Stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels.
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| Lymph Vessel | Carrier of lymph throughout the body.
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| Macrophage | Large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues in the body.
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| Mediastinal Node | Any of many lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic chest cavity.
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| Monoclonal Antibody | Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens.
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| Natural Immunity | An individual's own genetic ability to fight off disease.
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| Plasma Cell | Lymphoid cell that secretes an antibody and originates from B lymphocytes.
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| Right Lymphatic Duct | Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body.
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| Spleen | Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells.
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| Supressor T Cells | Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes.
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| T Cell | Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland.
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| Tolerance | In the thymus, T lymphocytes learn to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly.
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| Thoracic Duct | Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and form the lest side of the body above the diaphragm. It empties the lymph into the veins in the upper chest.
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| Thymus Gland | Organ in the mediastinum that produces T lymphocytes and aids in the immune response.
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| Tonsils | Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx.
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| Toxin | Poison, a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants.
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| Vaccination | Introduction of altered antigens (viruses or bacteria) to produce an immune response and protection against disease.
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| Vaccine | Weakened or killed microorganisms or toxins administered to induce immunity to infection or disease.
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| CANDIDIASIS | Yeast-like fungus (Candida), normally present in the mouth, skin, intestinal tract, and vagina, overgrows, causing infection of the mouth (thrush), respiratory tract, and skin.
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| CRYPTOCOCCAL INFECTION | Yeast-like fungus (Cryptococcus) causes lung, brain, and blood infections. Pathogen is found in pigeon droppings, nesting places, air, water and soil.
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| CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS | Parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract and brain and spinal cord.
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| CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) infection | Viral causes enteritis and retinitis (inflammation of the retina at the back of the eye). Found in saliva, semen, cervical secretions, urine, feces, blood, and breast milk, but usually causes disease only when the immune system is compromised.
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| HERPES SIMPLEX | Viral infection causes small blisters on the skin of the lips or nose or on the genitals. Herpes simplex virus also can cause encephalitis.
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| HISTOPLASMOSIS (Histo) | Fungal infection caused by inhalation of dust contaminated with Histoplasma capsulatum; causes fever, chills and lung infection. Pathogen is found in bird and bat droppings.
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| MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM-INTRACELLULARE INFECTION (MAI) | Bacterial disease.
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| PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia (PCP) | Bacterial Infection.
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| TOXOPLASMOSIS (Toxo) | Parasitic infection.
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| TUBERCULOSIS (TB) | Bacterial disease.
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| Anisocytosis | cells are unequal in size (abnormalities of red blood cells)
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| Hypochromia | cells have redyced color (less hemoglobin) (abnormalities of red blood cells)
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| Macrocytosis | Cells are large (abnormalities of red blood cells)
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| Microcytosis | Cells are small (abnormalities of red blood cells)
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| Poikilocytosis | Cells are irregularly shaped (abnormalities of red blood cells)
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| Spherocytosis | Cells are rounded (abnormalities of red blood cells)
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