Introduction of the Human Body
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| muscle cell | is elongated muscle fiber; surrounded by a cell membrane called sarcolemma;cell membranes at several points penetrates deep into the interior forming transverse tubules (T tubules)
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| within muscle fiber is a specialized endoplamic reticulum called sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| myofibrils | long cylindrical strucures that each muscle fiber is composed of
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| sarcomeres | series of contractile units that make up the myofibrils
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| actin and myosin | contractile proteins
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| myosin heads | structures that help in the contracting of muscles
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| crossbridges | mysoin heads make contact with actin and myosinforms a temporary brigde
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| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and calcium | play important role in contraction and relaxation of muscle; ATP helps the myosin heads forma nd break crossbridges witht the actin but can work if calcium is present
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| skeletal muscle | contraction can take place only when the muscle is first stimulated by a nerve
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| moter or somatic nerve | type of nerve that supplies the skeletal muscle
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| neuromuscular junction (NMJ) | where motor nervemeats the muscle
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| four steps involved in the transfer of information from nerve to muscle at the NMJ | stimulation of nerve causes electrical signal - neurotransmitter at the NMJ is called acetylcholine (ACh)
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| nerve impulse causes the vesicles to move toward and fuse with the nerve ending ACh is released
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| ACh diffuses across the space and binds to receptor site on muscle membrande
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| ACh stimulates the receptors and causes an electical signal to develop along the muscle membrane ACh is destroyed by acetylcholinesterase
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| myasthenia gravis | disease that affects the NMJ; the symptoms of the disease are due to damaged receptor sites on the muscle membrane causes muscle weakness as the disease progresses person experience difficulty breathing
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| neuromuscular blockade caused by curare | curare is a skeletal muscle blocker
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| effects of neurotoxins on muscle function | certain bacteria; Clostridium tetani (a bacterium) causes excessive firing of motor nerves
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| tetanus | overstimulation of the muscle membrane and severe muscle spam and
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Created by:
janmaire
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