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Module 2cc A&P
Introduction of the Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscle cell | is elongated muscle fiber; surrounded by a cell membrane called sarcolemma;cell membranes at several points penetrates deep into the interior forming transverse tubules (T tubules) |
| within muscle fiber is a specialized endoplamic reticulum called sarcoplasmic reticulum | |
| myofibrils | long cylindrical strucures that each muscle fiber is composed of |
| sarcomeres | series of contractile units that make up the myofibrils |
| actin and myosin | contractile proteins |
| myosin heads | structures that help in the contracting of muscles |
| crossbridges | mysoin heads make contact with actin and myosinforms a temporary brigde |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and calcium | play important role in contraction and relaxation of muscle; ATP helps the myosin heads forma nd break crossbridges witht the actin but can work if calcium is present |
| skeletal muscle | contraction can take place only when the muscle is first stimulated by a nerve |
| moter or somatic nerve | type of nerve that supplies the skeletal muscle |
| neuromuscular junction (NMJ) | where motor nervemeats the muscle |
| four steps involved in the transfer of information from nerve to muscle at the NMJ | stimulation of nerve causes electrical signal - neurotransmitter at the NMJ is called acetylcholine (ACh) |
| nerve impulse causes the vesicles to move toward and fuse with the nerve ending ACh is released | |
| ACh diffuses across the space and binds to receptor site on muscle membrande | |
| ACh stimulates the receptors and causes an electical signal to develop along the muscle membrane ACh is destroyed by acetylcholinesterase | |
| myasthenia gravis | disease that affects the NMJ; the symptoms of the disease are due to damaged receptor sites on the muscle membrane causes muscle weakness as the disease progresses person experience difficulty breathing |
| neuromuscular blockade caused by curare | curare is a skeletal muscle blocker |
| effects of neurotoxins on muscle function | certain bacteria; Clostridium tetani (a bacterium) causes excessive firing of motor nerves |
| tetanus | overstimulation of the muscle membrane and severe muscle spam and |
Created by:
janmaire
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