PharmacologyHSC1149
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
medications used to reduce the number &/or severity of seizures in patients w/epilepsy | anticonvulsants
🗑
|
||||
defined as recurrent paroxysmal disorder of brain function characterized by sudden attacks of altered consciousness, motor activity, or sensory impairment | epilepsy
🗑
|
||||
based on type, severity, & cause of seizures | treatment of epilepsy
🗑
|
||||
most epilepsy is __ | idiopathic
🗑
|
||||
epilepsy can be associated with cerebrovascular disease, cerebral trauma, intracranial trauma, intracranial infection/fever, brain tumor, __ or __ | intoxication; chemical imbalance
🗑
|
||||
anticonvulsive medication is not indicated for fever, hypoglycemia, or electrolyte imbalance, which are examples of | correctable epilepsy disorders
🗑
|
||||
classifies seizures into 3 main categories | International Classification of Epilepsies & Epileptic Syndromes
🗑
|
||||
bilaterally symmetrical & without local onset; includes grand mal and absence seizures | generalized seizure
🗑
|
||||
complex symptomatology (temporal lobe/psychomotor seizures) | partial seizures
🗑
|
||||
seizures with insufficient data to classify | unclassified
🗑
|
||||
grand mal seizures are called | tonic-clonic
🗑
|
||||
characterized by loss of consciousness, falling, & generalized tonic-clonic muscle contractions; usually lasts 2-5 min; urinary/fecal incontinence may occur | grand mal seizures
🗑
|
||||
initial treatment of grand mal seizures includes __ preventing injury | only
🗑
|
||||
if seizures are so frequent that patient does not regain consciousness between seizures, condition is known as | status epilepticus
🗑
|
||||
medication treatment of choice for status epilepticus is __ __, or phenytoin, administered slowly | IV diazepam (Valium)
🗑
|
||||
sometimes __ __ is given for grand mal seizures | IV phenytoin
🗑
|
||||
absence epilepsy was previously called petit mal because of the | absence of convulsions
🗑
|
||||
characterized by 10-30 sec. loss of consciousness w/no falling & usually occur initially in children | absence seizure
🗑
|
||||
drug of choice for management of __ seizures is ethosuximide (Zarontin), and only effective for this type of epilepsy | absence
🗑
|
||||
used in treatment of absence seizures when suximide is ineffective | clonazepam & valproic acid
🗑
|
||||
sedation, dizziness/irritability, GI distress incl. anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, and rash & leukopenia are all __ __ of drugs for absence seizures | side effects
🗑
|
||||
__ __ w/drugs for absence epilepsy applies to hepatic/renal disease, pregnancy/lactation, and pancreatitis (w/valproate) | extreme caution
🗑
|
||||
stopping medications for absence seizures abruptly is | contraindicated
🗑
|
||||
caused by lesion in temporal lobe; symptoms: confusion, impaired understanding & judgment, staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, & unintelligible sounds, but no convulsions | psychomotor seizures
🗑
|
||||
__ seizures affect only one side of the body | unilateral
🗑
|
||||
some patients have __ __ __ combining more than one type | mixed seizure patterns
🗑
|
||||
it is important to observe/report __ & __ of seizures, as well as general responsiveness to medications | type; length
🗑
|
||||
__ __ of grand mal & psychomotor seizures usually consists of phenytoin, frequently combined w/phenobarbital or valproic acid, administered orally | prophylactic treatment
🗑
|
||||
the aim of drug therapy for epileptic patients is to prevent seizures without __ | oversedation
🗑
|
||||
side effects of phenytoin frequently __ with continued treatment | decrease
🗑
|
||||
sedation, ataxia, dizziness & headache; blurred vision, nystagmus & diplopia; gingivitis; GI distress incl. nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation or diarrhea; rash & dermatitis | side effects of phenytoin
🗑
|
||||
life-threatening condition affecting the skin in which cell death causes the epidermis to separate from the dermis; dermatitis associated w/phenytoin use | Steven-Johnson syndrome
🗑
|
||||
__ __ is a side effect of phenytoin use, and is treated with folic acid supplements | megoblastic anemia
🗑
|
||||
__ is a side effects from phenytoin use, treated with vitamin D supplement | osteomalacia
🗑
|
||||
__ is contraindicated, or to be used w/extreme caution, in patients w/kidney/liver disease, diabetes, CHF, bradycardia, heart block, hypertension, pregnant/lactating, hematological disease | phenytoin
🗑
|
||||
abrupt DC of phenytoin is | contraindicated
🗑
|
||||
used sometimes for partial, generalized, or mixed seizures | carbamazepine
🗑
|
||||
cardiac, hematological, kidney, & liver __ are all side effects from carbamazepine | complications
🗑
|
||||
carbamazepine with __ __ potentiates action & can increase risk of serious adverse effects | grapefruit juice
🗑
|
||||
children are frequently treated with phenobarbital alone, for | febrile convulsions
🗑
|
||||
the use of phenobarbital alone, in treatment of a child who is afebrile, is controversial because of | cognitive impairment
🗑
|
||||
there is evidence that phenobarbital, phenytoin, & carbamazepine may have an adverse effect on __ & __ in children | behavior; cognition
🗑
|
||||
primary advantage of newer formulations, of traditional anticonvulsants, is that there is an increased ease of __ & __ | administration; tolerability
🗑
|
||||
anticonvulsants that usually do not require laboratory monitoring of therapuetic levels; fewer overall adverse effects & interactions | second-generation
🗑
|
||||
second-generation anticonvulsants require a __ __ __ to avoid CNS adverse effects | slow titration period
🗑
|
||||
determination of given component in solution by adding a liquid reagent of known strength until given endpoint reached, indicating that the component has been consumed by reaction w/reagent | titration
🗑
|
||||
contraindicated in pregnancy/lactation; should not be abruptly discontinued | 2nd-generation anticonvulsants
🗑
|
||||
patients taking anticonvulsants should be instructed: caution w/driving/operating machinery until __ with the medication, because of __ or dizziness | regulated; drowsiness
🗑
|
||||
patients taking anticonvulsants should be instructed: careful __ __ until tenderness of gums subsides as treatment progresses | oral hygiene
🗑
|
||||
patients taking anticonvulsants should be instructed to always take medication on time & never __ a dose | omit
🗑
|
||||
__ __ from anticonvulsants can lead to status epilepticus | abrupt withdrawal
🗑
|
||||
patients taking anticonvulsants should be instructed to always wear __ __ at all time in case of accident | Medic-Alert tag
🗑
|
||||
1st-generation anticonvulsant; taken for partial/mixes seizures (psychomotor); brand name for carbamazepine | Tegretol
🗑
|
||||
1st-generation anticonvulsant; taken for partial/mixes seizures (psychomotor); brand name for carbamazepine extended release form | Tegretol XR
🗑
|
||||
1st-generation anticonvulsant; taken for absence seizures; brand name for clonazepam | Klonopin
🗑
|
||||
1st-generation anticonvulsant; Caution: possible to confuse w/Celexa/Celebrex; brand name for fosphenytoin | Cerebyx
🗑
|
||||
1st-generation anticonvulsant; taken for grand mal, psychomotor, or focal seizures; frequently combined w/phenobarb; brand name for phenytoin | Dilantin
🗑
|
||||
1st-generation anticonvulsant; taken for absence seizures; brand name for ethosuximide | Zarontin
🗑
|
||||
1st-generation anticonvulsant; taken for absence, partial, & tonic-clonic seizures; brand name for Valproic acid | Depakene, Depakote, Depacon
🗑
|
||||
1st-generation anticonvulsant; taken for absence, partial, & tonic-clonic seizures; only one dose/day extended release form; brand name for Valproic acid | Depakote ER
🗑
|
||||
2nd-generation anticonvulsant; taken for partial seizures; minimal drug interactions; >dose w/renal dysfunction; brand name for gabapentin | Neurontin
🗑
|
||||
2nd-generation anticonvulsant; taken for partial seizures; monitor liver function; Caution do not confuse w/Lamisil; brand name for lamotrigine | Lamictal
🗑
|
||||
2nd-generation anticonvulsant; taken for partial seizures; may affect cognitive function at high doses; brand name for topiramate | Topamax
🗑
|
||||
common side effects of phenytoin include GI distress, ataxia, & __ | gingivitis
🗑
|
||||
in absence epilepsy, convulsions are __ & there is a breif loss of consciousness w/no falling | absent
🗑
|
||||
types of generalized seizures include __ & absence | grand mal
🗑
|
||||
2nd-generation anticonvulsant Neurontin is indicated for treatment of __ seizures | partial
🗑
|
||||
an alternative medication sometimes used for partial, generalized, or mixes seizures is __ (Tegretol) | carbamazepine
🗑
|
||||
grand mal seizures usually last from two to __ minutes | five
🗑
|
||||
grand mal seizures are characterized by loss of consciousness, falling, & __ muscle contractions | tonic-clonic
🗑
|
||||
2nd-generation anticonvulsants have fewer side effects & drug interactions than __ medications | 1st-generation
🗑
|
||||
remove objects that may cause trauma, cushion head & turn it to the side, & loosen tight clothing; these are the steps to take initially in the | treatment for grand mal seizures
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
lfrancois
Popular Medical sets