Introduction to the Human Body
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| "normal" body temperature | 98.F can range from 97 to 100degrees
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| core temperature | inner parts of the body, cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities higher
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| shell temperature | surface areas such as skin and mouth are cooler
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| thermoregulation | mechanism whereby the body balances heat production and heat loss
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| hypothermia | excessive decrease in body temperature
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| hyperthermia | excessive increase in temperature
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| heat production | heat is thermal energy and is produced by the millions of chemical reations
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| heat loss | most of the heat is lost through the skinthe remaining through the respiratory excretory systems
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| heat loss occurs by four means: radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation
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| radiation | heat is lost from a warm object to the cooler air surrounding the warm object
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| conduction | loss of heat from a warm body to a cooler object in contact with the warm body
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| convection | is loss of heat by the air currents moving over the surface of the skin
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| evaporation | when a liquid becomes a gas
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| body temperature | regulated by several different mechanisms
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| hypothalamus | located in the brain - senses a change in temperature and sends information to the skin and skeletal muscle
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| increased temperature | blood vessels dilate, giving flushed appearancesweat glands become more active
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| decreased temperature | blood vessels constrict heat is trapped in deeper tissues; sweat glands less active; skeletal muscles contract causing shivering
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| heat related conditions | heat syncope; heat cramps; heat exhaustion; heat stroke
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| how burns are classified | according to depth; and extent of area burned
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| depth | partial-thickness or full-thickness
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| partial-thickness | 1st or 2nd degree burns
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| first-degree burn | red, painful, and slightly edematousonly the epidermis is involve; suburn
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| second-degree burn | damage to both epidermis and dermis, with little damage to the dermis it is red painful and edematous and blisters; with greater damage to dermis skin can blister
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| full-thickness burn | third-degree burns; both epidermis and dermis are destroyed, painless because sensory receptors are destroyed
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| rules of nine | the total body surface area into regions
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| eschar | dead burned tissue that form a thick,inflexible scablike layer over the burned surface
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| escharotomy | eschar is slit
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| acne | a disorder of the skin in which the sebaceous glands oversecrete sebum
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| athlete's foot | fungal infection
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| boil | also called furuncle; localized colledction of pus caused by stphylococcal infection of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
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| carbuncle | multiple, interconnecting furuncles
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| cold sore | fever blister, collection of watery vesicles caused by infection with herpes simplex virus
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| cyst | saclike structure containing fluid or semisolid material surrounded by s strong capsule
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| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin that may be caused by a variety of irritants
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| erythema | reddness
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| papules | pimplelike lesions
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| vesicles | blisters
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| eczema | inflammatory condition (atopic dermatitis)
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| hives | urticaria - allergic reaction characterized by red patches (wheals) intense itching (pruritus)
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| impetigo | contagious infection of skin caused by the staphyloccus baterium
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| psoriasis | chronic condition characterized by lesions that are red dry elevated and covered by silvery scales
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| skin cancer | several kinds are all related to sun exposure
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