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Module 2g - A&P
Introduction to the Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "normal" body temperature | 98.F can range from 97 to 100degrees |
| core temperature | inner parts of the body, cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities higher |
| shell temperature | surface areas such as skin and mouth are cooler |
| thermoregulation | mechanism whereby the body balances heat production and heat loss |
| hypothermia | excessive decrease in body temperature |
| hyperthermia | excessive increase in temperature |
| heat production | heat is thermal energy and is produced by the millions of chemical reations |
| heat loss | most of the heat is lost through the skinthe remaining through the respiratory excretory systems |
| heat loss occurs by four means: radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation | |
| radiation | heat is lost from a warm object to the cooler air surrounding the warm object |
| conduction | loss of heat from a warm body to a cooler object in contact with the warm body |
| convection | is loss of heat by the air currents moving over the surface of the skin |
| evaporation | when a liquid becomes a gas |
| body temperature | regulated by several different mechanisms |
| hypothalamus | located in the brain - senses a change in temperature and sends information to the skin and skeletal muscle |
| increased temperature | blood vessels dilate, giving flushed appearancesweat glands become more active |
| decreased temperature | blood vessels constrict heat is trapped in deeper tissues; sweat glands less active; skeletal muscles contract causing shivering |
| heat related conditions | heat syncope; heat cramps; heat exhaustion; heat stroke |
| how burns are classified | according to depth; and extent of area burned |
| depth | partial-thickness or full-thickness |
| partial-thickness | 1st or 2nd degree burns |
| first-degree burn | red, painful, and slightly edematousonly the epidermis is involve; suburn |
| second-degree burn | damage to both epidermis and dermis, with little damage to the dermis it is red painful and edematous and blisters; with greater damage to dermis skin can blister |
| full-thickness burn | third-degree burns; both epidermis and dermis are destroyed, painless because sensory receptors are destroyed |
| rules of nine | the total body surface area into regions |
| eschar | dead burned tissue that form a thick,inflexible scablike layer over the burned surface |
| escharotomy | eschar is slit |
| acne | a disorder of the skin in which the sebaceous glands oversecrete sebum |
| athlete's foot | fungal infection |
| boil | also called furuncle; localized colledction of pus caused by stphylococcal infection of hair follicles and sebaceous glands |
| carbuncle | multiple, interconnecting furuncles |
| cold sore | fever blister, collection of watery vesicles caused by infection with herpes simplex virus |
| cyst | saclike structure containing fluid or semisolid material surrounded by s strong capsule |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin that may be caused by a variety of irritants |
| erythema | reddness |
| papules | pimplelike lesions |
| vesicles | blisters |
| eczema | inflammatory condition (atopic dermatitis) |
| hives | urticaria - allergic reaction characterized by red patches (wheals) intense itching (pruritus) |
| impetigo | contagious infection of skin caused by the staphyloccus baterium |
| psoriasis | chronic condition characterized by lesions that are red dry elevated and covered by silvery scales |
| skin cancer | several kinds are all related to sun exposure |
Created by:
janmaire