Introduction to the Human Body
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| epidermis | thin outer layer of the skincomposed of stratified squamous epithelium
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| no blood supply of its own,oxygen and nutrients diffuse into lower epidermis from the rich supply of blood in the underlying dermis
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| divied into five layers, two if them are stratum germinativum and stratum corneum
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| stratum germinativum | is on top of the dermis and has access to a rich supply of blood
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| cells of this layer are continuously dividing, producing millions of cells per day, as the cells divide they push the older cells up toward the surface of the epidermis
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| as the cells move away from the dermis two changes take place, fit rsthey move from their source of nourishment and begin to die
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| second the cells undergo a process of keratinization
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| keratin | tough protein is deposited in the cell, it hardens and flattens the cells as they move
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| toward the outer suface, it makes the skin water resistant
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| stratum corneum | surface later of the skin, composed of 30 layers of dead, flattened keratinized cells
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| dead cells are continously sloughed off (exfoliated or desquamated) through wear and tear, called dander, every month new layer of epithelium
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| dandruff | dander clumped together by the oil on the skull
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| insensible perspiration | 500ml/day of water is lost through the skin
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| sensible perspiration | due to activity of the glands
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| hypovolemic shock | shock due to low volume
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| dermis | located under the epidermiscomposed of dense fibrous connective tissue
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| contains numerous colagen and elastin fibers that are surrounded by gel-like substance
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| striae | stretch marks
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| accessory structures | hair, nails and certain glands are embedded with dermis
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| dermis | has blood vessels, nervous tissue, and some muscle tissuemany of the of the nervous tissue has sensory receptors that detect pain, temperature, pressure and touch
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| herpes zoster (shingles) | imflammation of nerves caused by the chickenpox virus, develop painful skin lesions along the path of nerve
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| scalded skin syndrome | staphylococcal infection in which the skin appears scaled and peels off in layers
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| subcutaneous layer | dermis lies on the subcutaneous layernot considered a part of the skin
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| subcutaneous layer | or hypodermiscomposed primarily of loose connective and adipose tissue
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| performs two main roles: helps insulate the body from extreme temperature changesit anchors the skin to underlying structures
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| subcutaneoulsy | SC - drugs can be injected because the hypodermis has a rich supply of blood vessels
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| transdermally | across the skin
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| systemic effect | within the body
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Created by:
janmaire
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