Vocab
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| -physis | growth
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| oste/o | bone
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| crani/o | head/skull
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| brachi/o | arm
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| dactly/o | finger
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| cervic/o | neck
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| carp/o | wrist
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| spondyl/o | vertebra
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| cost/o | rib
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| lumb/o | loin/lower back
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| femor/o | femur (thighbone)
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| tibi/o | tibia (shinbone)
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| tars/o | ankle
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| arthr/o | joint
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| burs/o | bursa
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| ten/o tend/o tendin/o | tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone)
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| muscul/o my/o myos/o | muscle
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| fasci/o | fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)
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| ton/o | tone/tension
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| kinesi/o kinet/o | movement/motion
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| tax/o | arrangement/order/coordination
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| ankyl/o | stiff/bent
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| costalgia | rib pain
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| metatarsalgia | pain in the bones of the foot
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| ostalgia osteodynia | bone pain
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| spondylodynia | vertebra pain
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| tibialgia | tibia (shin) pain
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| ankylosis | joint stiffness
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| arthralgia arthrodynia | joint pain
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| cervicodynia | neck pain
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| crepitation | cracking sound in joints
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| genu valgum | knock-kneed (pointed in)
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| genu varum | bowlegged
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| bradykinesia | slow movement
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| dyskinesia | inability to control movement
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| dystaxia | poor coordination
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| dystonia | poor muscle tone
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| graphospasm | writer's cramp
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| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity
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| hypertonia | increased muscle tone or tightness
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| hypokinesia | decrease in muscle movement or activity
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| hypotonia | decrease in muscle tone or tightness
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| myalgia | muscle pain
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| myasthenia | muscle weakness
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| myodynia | muscle pain
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| myospasm | muscle spasm
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| tenalgia | tendon pain
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| arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint
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| arthroscope | instrument for looking into a joint
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| arthroscopy | procedure of looking into a joint
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| electromyogram | record of the electrical activity of a muscle
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| electromyography | procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle
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| myography | procedure for studying muscles
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| arthrogram | visual record of a joint
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| arthrography | procedure used to examine a joint
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| computed axial tomography (CAT/CT) | imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis
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| kyphosis | humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine
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| lordosis | sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine
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| scoliosis | crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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| carpitis | wrist inflammation
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| craniomalacia | softening of the skull
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| exostosis | abnormal growth of bone out of another bone
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| fracture | bone break
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| osteodystrophy | poor bone development
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| osteolysis | bone loss
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| osteonecrosis | death of bone
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| osteosclerosis | abnormal hardening of bone
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| polydactyly | having more than the normal number of fingers or toes
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| spondylitis | vertebra inflammation
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| spondylomalacia | softening of the vertebra
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| syndactyly | fusion (webbing) of fingers or toes
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| tarsoptosis | flat feet
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| bursolith | stone in a bursa
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| effusion | fluid buildup
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| hermarthrosis | blood in a joint
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| hydrarthrosis | water (fluid) in a joint
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| pyarthrosis | pus in a joint
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| atrophy | underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue
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| hypertrophy | overdevelopment of muscle tissue
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| myocele | hernia of muscle tissue
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| myolysis | loss of muscle tissue
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| myomalacia | softening of a muscle
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| myosclerosis | hardening of a muscle
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| myotasis | stretching of a muscle
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| myotonia | muscle tone
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| ankylosing spondylitis | stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae
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| chondro-osteodystrophy | poor development of bones and cartilage
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| craniosynostosis | premature fusing of the skull bones
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| dactylitis | finger inflammation
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| hypertrophic spondylitis | overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation
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| osteitis | bone inflammation
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| osteochondritis | inflammation of bone and cartilage
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| osteogenesis imperfecta | disease in which the bones do not develop correctly (brittle bone disease)
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| osteomalacia | softening of the bone
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| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
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| osteopathy | bone disease
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| osteopenia | reduction in bone volume
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| osteoporosis | loss of bone density
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| spinal stenosis | abnormal narrowing of the spine
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| spondylarthropathy | joint disease of the vertebrae
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| spondylolysis | loss of vertebrae structure
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| spondylosis | vertebra condition
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| arthritis | joint inflammation
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| rheumatoid arthritis | inflammation of the joints
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| septic arthritis | inflammation of the joint caused by infection
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| osteoarthritis | inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight
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| arthrocele | hernia of a joint
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| arthrodysplasia | abnormal joint development
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| arthropathy | joint disease
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| arthrosclerosis | hardening of the joints
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| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa
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| bursopathy | disease of the bursa
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| subluxation | partial dislocation of a joint
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| achondroplasia | a defect in the formation of cartilage
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| chrondromalacia | abnormal softening of the cartilage
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| costochrondritis | inflammation of the cartilage of the rib
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| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia
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| muscular dystrophy | disorder characterized by poor muscle
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| myoclonus | violent muscle contraction
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| myopathy | muscle disease
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| myasthenia | muscle weakness
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| myofasciitis | inflammation of the muscle and fascia
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| myositis | muscle inflammation
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| necrotizing fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia, causing death of tissue
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| polymyositis | inflammation of multiple muscles
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| tardive dyskinesia | condition characterized by the loss of muscle control
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| tendinitis tendonitis | tendon inflammation
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| chondroma | tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue
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| myoma | muscle tumor
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| myosarcoma | cancerous muscle tumor
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| osteocarcinoma | bone cancer tumor
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| osteochondroma | tumor made up of bone and cartilage (exostosis)
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| osteosarcoma | cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells
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| analgesic | drug that relieves pain
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| antiarthritic anti-inflammatory | drug that opposes joint inflammation
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| antipretic | drug that opposes fever
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| orthotics | device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing a part of the body
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| prosthesis | device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function
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| carpectomy | removal of all or part of the wrist
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| costectomy | removal of a rib
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| craniectomy craniotomy | remove of a portion of the skull
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| external fixation | the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (using casts, splints, etc)
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| internal fixation | the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (screws, plates, etc)
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| closed reduction | returning bone to their proper position without the use of surgery
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| open reduction | returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery
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| metacarpectomy | removal of a bone in the hand
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| ostectomy osteectomy | removal of a bone
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| osteoclasia | surgical breaking of a bone
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| osteoplasty | reconstruction of a bone
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| osteotomy | incision into a bone
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| spondylosyndesis | fusing together of multiple vertebrae
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| sternotomy | incision into the sternum
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| tarsectomy | removal of all or a portion of the ankle
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| tarsoclasia | surgical fracture of the ankle
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| arthrectomy | removal of a joint
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| arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint
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| arthroclasia | the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility
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| arthrolysis | loosening a stiff joint
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| arthroplasty | reconstruction of a joint
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| arthrotomy | incision into a joint
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| bursectomy | removal of a bursa
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| bursotomy | incision into a bursa
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| chondrectomy | removal of cartilage
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| chondroplasty | reconstruction of cartillage
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| fasciodesis | binding of fascia
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| fasciectomy | removal of fascia
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| fascioplasty | reconstruction of fascia
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| fasciorraphy | suturing of fascia
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| fasciotomy | incision into fascia
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| myectomy | removal of muscle
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| myodesis | binding of muscle
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| myomectomy | removal of a muscle tumor
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| myoplasty | muscle reconstruction
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| myorrpaphy | muscle suture
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| myotomy | incision into muscle
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| tendectomy | removal of a tendon
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| tendoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon
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| tenodesis | binding of a tendon
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| tenolysis | freeing/loosening a tendon
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| tenonectomy | removal of a tendon
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| tenoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon
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| tenorrhaphy | suture of a tendon
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| tenotomy | incision into a tendon
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| Fx | fracture
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| Tx | traction/treatment
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| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament
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| MCL | medial collateral ligament
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| LCL | lateral collateral ligament
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| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament
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| C1-C7 | cervical vertebrae
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| T1-T12 | thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae
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| L1-L5 | lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae
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| S1-S5 | sarcal vertebrae
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| DTR | deep tendon reflex (knee tap)
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| EMG | electromyogram
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| FROM | full range of motion
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| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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| OA | osetoarthritis
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| ORIF | open reduction internal fixation
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| PT | physical therapy
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| RA | rheumatoid arthritis
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| RICE | rest, ice, compression, elevation
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| ROM | range of motion
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| WB | weight bearing
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| WBAT | weight bearing as tolerated
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| bursae | sacs of fluid found under tendons
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| periosteum | tissue that covers the outside of the bone
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| thoracic | chest/upper back
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| sacral | lower back, lowest bone
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