Terms for Nuclear and Cell Division for NW 04-350
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| show | the combination of DNA and protein. microscopists first used this term to describe the disorganized material in the nucleus before prophase, where individual chromosomes were not visible
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| show | the process of cell division after DNA replication in a prokaryotic cell
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| homologous pair | show 🗑
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| show | a version of a gene, mutations create different alleles which may code for different versions (functional or not) proteins
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| show | a cell carrying two copies of each chromosomal set, carrying two members of a homologous pair
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| polyploid | show 🗑
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| monoploid | show 🗑
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| haploid | show 🗑
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| centromere | show 🗑
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| kinetochore | show 🗑
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| cell cycle | show 🗑
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| interphase | show 🗑
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| M phase | show 🗑
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| nuclear division | show 🗑
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| cytokinesis | show 🗑
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| G1 | show 🗑
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| show | synthesis. stage of interphase when DNA replication occurs
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| G2 | show 🗑
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| show | the two halves of a replicated chromosome, still connected at the centromere. not the same thing as a homologous pair. sister chromatids are pulled apart from each other in anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis
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| show | first stage of nuclear division, typified by compaction of DNA, breakdown of the nuclear envelope, migration of the centrosomes and formation of the spindle
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| condensins | show 🗑
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| show | cytoskeletal structure made of microtubules (tubulin) that organizes the chromosomes during nuclear division and serves as the highway over which they move
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| show | protein structure around which the spindle will anchor itself. there will be one centrosome at each end (pole) of the cell. many centrosomes contain a centriole (not as common in plants)
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| show | intermediate stage typified by when the nuclear membrane is broken down enough to allow the spindle to penetrate the region and attach to the centromeres of replicated chromosomes
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| show | substage of nuclear division when replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell on the metaphase plate
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| anaphase | show 🗑
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| telophase | show 🗑
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| show | first cycle of nuclear division (pro thru telo) leading to the first meiotic division (cytokinesis)
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| meiosis II | show 🗑
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| show | event unique to prophase I when homologous replicated chromosomes merge together into a single structure. this is when recombination (crossing over) will occur
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| show | a structure formed due to the synapsis of two replicated chromosomes, composed of four total chromatids
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| show | rest stage between the first meiotic division and the beginning of prophase II. DNA replication does not occur during interkinesis
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| show | the process of separating genetic material into new nuclei. occurs during anaphase
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| show | generation of cells that are genetically different than their parents. may be the result of recombination, independent assortment, or unique fertilization during sexual reproduction
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