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Southeastern Institute A&P Respiratory System

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Question
Answer
Respiratory System Functions   Exchange of Gases, Olfaction, Speech, Homeostasis  
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Nose   Beginning of air conduction  
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Nasal Cavity   “Air conditioning chambers”  
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Meatus   Passageways in nasal cavity  
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Nasal conchae   Walls of the passageways  
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Cilia   Hair-like projections on outer surface of some cells, Clean air by trapping particles  
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Goblet cells   Produce mucus that moisten air & traps particles, Warms blood/mucus  
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Pharynx   Throat, Shared by respiratory & digestive systems, Contains tonsils  
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Larynx   Voice Box  
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Epiglottis   Closes trachea when swallowing (deglutition), “Guardian of the Airways”  
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Thyroid   Adam’s apple which is enlarged due to testosterone in men  
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False Vocal Chords   Superior, Can be trained for use in ventriloquism or 2 ranges for singers  
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True Vocal Chords   Inferior, “Vocal Chords”, Normal voice production  
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Trachea   “Wind Pipe”, From larynx to upper chest  
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Why are there 16-21 half-ring hyaline cartilage in the trachea?   For swallowing and keeps Trachea from collapsing during breath  
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Bronchi   “Large Airways”, Lead air to LungsRight Bronchi  
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Bronchioles   Smaller branched airways extending from bronchi  
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Alveoli   Tiny balloon-like sacs  
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Alveolar Sacs   Groups of alveoli, Look like bunches of grapes where gas exchange happens  
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Surfactants   Phosopholipids that assist in gas exchange by reducing surface tension  
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Lungs   Main organs of breathing  
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Right lung has how many lobes   3  
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Left lung has how many lobes   2 to make room for heart  
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Pleural membrane   Encases both lungs, Secretes serous fluid, Prevents friction allowing lungs to move freely  
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Pleural Cavity   Space that lungs are housed in  
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Respiratory Diaphragm   Primary Muscle of Inspiration, Dome shaped muscle, Divides abdominal & thoracic cavities  
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Breathing   Pulmonary Ventilation  
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Inspiration   Inhalation  
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Expiration   Exhalation  
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Dyspnea   Labored breathing  
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Apnea   Temporary cessation of breathing  
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Hypoxia   Inadequate oxygen @ cellular level, Cyanosis, tachycardia, hypertension, peripheral vasoconstriction, dizziness, and mental confusion  
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Anoxia   Lack of oxygen locally or systemically, Inability of blood to carry oxygen or tissues can’t absorb oxygen from blood  
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What part of the brain controls breathing rhythm   Medulla Oblongata  
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