First lecture covering chapters 1 and 2 of Anatomy book.
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| Human Anatomy | Study of the structure of the Human Body
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| Human Physiology | Study of the function of anatomical features
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| Tissue | group of similar cells that perfrom a specific function
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| Organ | two or more tissue types that work together to cary out a particular function
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| Cells | basic structural and functional unit of life
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| Organ System | group of organs that carry out a basic function of the organism
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| Organism | composed of organ systems
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| Integumentary System | Skin: function is for external support and protection
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| Skeletal System | provides support and framework. also where blood cells are produced
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| Muscular system | body movement, posture, and support. also has a role in heat production. 60% of body mass is muscle
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| Nervous system | regulates all body activities
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| Endocrine system | Secretes hormones
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| Circulatry system | Transports blood and removes metabolic waste
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| Lymphatic system | Body immunity and tissue drainage
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| Respiratory system | Gas exchange
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| Digestive system | Breakdown and absorption of food
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| Urinary system | filters blood, removes metabolic waste
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| Reproductive system | production of sex cells
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| anatomical position | stance where a person stands erect, feet flat on floor, arms at sides, palms, face, and eyes are facing forward
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| Supine | palms face up or forward
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| Prone | forearm faces down or rearward
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| sagittal plane | right and left portions
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| midsagittal plane | equal right and left portions
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| frontal plane | divides into anterior and posterior portions
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| transverse plane | divides into superior and inferoir planes
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| Anterior (Ventral) | towards the front
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| Posterior (Dorsal) | towards the back
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| Superior (Cranial) | towards the top
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| Inferior | towards the botom
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| Medial | refers to how close something is to midsagital plane
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| Lateral | refers to how far away something is from midsagittal plane
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| Proximal | refers to "close to the body" or "up the arm" term is ONLY for ARMS and LEGS
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| Distal | refers to "away from the body" or "down the arm" term is ONLY for ARMS and LEGS
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| Deep | internal
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| Superficial | external
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| Axial region | consists of the head, cervical region (neck) and trunk. trunk divided into thoracic region and abdominal region with diaphragm being the division point
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| Appendicular region | upper and lower limbs
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| Gross Anatomy | The study of the structure visible to the naked eye
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| Systemic Anatomy | Study of one organ system at a time
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| Regional Anatomy | Study of multiple organ systems in a given region
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| Terminologia Anatomica | code of standard anatomical terms provides a worldwide standard for naming human structures
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| Diaphragm | a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; Large flat muscle that helps with breathing
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| Cephalic | head region
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| Facial | related to sight and smell organs
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| Cranial | related to the brain
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| Orbital | related to the eyes
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| Oral | related to the mouth
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| Nasal | related to the nose
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| Mental | related to the chin
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| Cervical | related to the neck
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| Thoracic | related to the Chest
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| Pectoral | related to the chest
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| Sternal | related to the breast bone or sternum
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| Acromial | Front of shoulder
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| Axillary | Armpit region
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| Vertebral | Backbones
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| Scapular | Shoulder blade
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| Abdominopelvic cavity | Name for the abdominal and pelvic cavities which make up the space between the diaphragm and pelvic floor
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| Abdominal region | consists of the top 2/3 of the abdominopelvic cavity. contains the umbilical and lumbar region
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| Umbilical | related to the belly button
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| Lumbar | related to the lower back
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| Pelvic region | consists of the bottom 1/3 of the abdominopelvic cavity. consists of the pubic, inguinal, sacral, gluteal, and perineal regions
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| Pubic | the lower part of the abdomen just above the external genital organs
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| Inguinal | region of the groin
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| Sacral | Center of the butt
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| Gluteal | buttox
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| Perineal | between the legs
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| Coxal | hip bone or hip joint
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| Brachium | Upper arm
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| Cubital | Elbow
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| Antebrachium | Forearm
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| Carpal | wrist
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| Manus | Hand
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| Palmar surface of hand | anterior surface (palm surface of hand)
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| Dorsum of hand | posterior surface (back side of hand)
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| Digits | fingers
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| Femoral | Thigh
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| Patellar | Front of Knee
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| Popliteal | Back of Knee
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| Crural | region consisting of the knee to the ankle
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| Tarsal | Ankle
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| Pes | Foot
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| Dorsum of foot | Superior portion (top of foot)
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| Plantar surface | Sole of foot
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| Body Cavity | an internal space in the body lined by membranous sacs containing internal organs
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| Dorsal Body Cavity | sac the encloses the brain (cranial cavity) and spine (vertebral canal)
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| Ventral body cavity | separated by the diaphragm, a muscular sheet, into the thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities
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| Thoracic Cavity | Lungs, heart, and major blood vessels here; region consists of two layered membrane regions. Is the region between the Lungs from base of neck to the diaphragm and is divided by mediastinum, a thick partition which encloses the heart.
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| Pleura | double layer sac found on the right and left sides of thoracic cavity.
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| Visceral pleura | forms the external surface of the lungs as in it actually touches the organ...covers the lungs
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| Parietal pleura | lines the inside of the rib cage (cavity); is towards the body wall; external membrane
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| Pleural cavity | the narrow space between the parietal and visceral pleurae where pleural fluid is secreted
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| Pericardial cavity | separates the visceral and parietal pericardium; where pericardial fluid is found
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| Visceral pericardium | inner layer of the pericardium that forms the heart surface; covers the surface of the heart
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| Parietal pericardium | is the outer layer of the pericardium; lines the inside of the cavity
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| Abdominopelvic Cavity | consists of the abdominal cavity (2/3) and the pelvic cavity (1/3). peritoneum is the membrane found in this cavity
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| Abdominal cavity | consists mostly of digestive organs
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| Pelvic Cavity | consist of the distal part (end) of the large intestine, urinary bladder, urethra, and reproductive organs
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| Visceral organ | an internal organ of the body within the chest (heart and lungs) or abdomen (liver, pancreas, and intestines). these organs are found within some sort of body cavity
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| Serous Membrane | thin lining of cavities which secrete a lubricating film of moisture
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| Pleura | membranous lining of the lungs
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| Pericardium | membranous lining of the heart
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| Peritoneum | membranous lining of the abdomen and pelvis has a parietal layer (lines inside of body cavity) and a visceral layer (covers organ surface)
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| Retroperitoneal | behind the peritoneum. Used to describe the position of the kidneys, which is outside of the peritoneal sac alongside the spine.
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| What are the organ systems? | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive
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