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The Basics Anatomy 1
First lecture covering chapters 1 and 2 of Anatomy book.
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| Human Anatomy | Study of the structure of the Human Body |
| Human Physiology | Study of the function of anatomical features |
| Tissue | group of similar cells that perfrom a specific function |
| Organ | two or more tissue types that work together to cary out a particular function |
| Cells | basic structural and functional unit of life |
| Organ System | group of organs that carry out a basic function of the organism |
| Organism | composed of organ systems |
| Integumentary System | Skin: function is for external support and protection |
| Skeletal System | provides support and framework. also where blood cells are produced |
| Muscular system | body movement, posture, and support. also has a role in heat production. 60% of body mass is muscle |
| Nervous system | regulates all body activities |
| Endocrine system | Secretes hormones |
| Circulatry system | Transports blood and removes metabolic waste |
| Lymphatic system | Body immunity and tissue drainage |
| Respiratory system | Gas exchange |
| Digestive system | Breakdown and absorption of food |
| Urinary system | filters blood, removes metabolic waste |
| Reproductive system | production of sex cells |
| anatomical position | stance where a person stands erect, feet flat on floor, arms at sides, palms, face, and eyes are facing forward |
| Supine | palms face up or forward |
| Prone | forearm faces down or rearward |
| sagittal plane | right and left portions |
| midsagittal plane | equal right and left portions |
| frontal plane | divides into anterior and posterior portions |
| transverse plane | divides into superior and inferoir planes |
| Anterior (Ventral) | towards the front |
| Posterior (Dorsal) | towards the back |
| Superior (Cranial) | towards the top |
| Inferior | towards the botom |
| Medial | refers to how close something is to midsagital plane |
| Lateral | refers to how far away something is from midsagittal plane |
| Proximal | refers to "close to the body" or "up the arm" term is ONLY for ARMS and LEGS |
| Distal | refers to "away from the body" or "down the arm" term is ONLY for ARMS and LEGS |
| Deep | internal |
| Superficial | external |
| Axial region | consists of the head, cervical region (neck) and trunk. trunk divided into thoracic region and abdominal region with diaphragm being the division point |
| Appendicular region | upper and lower limbs |
| Gross Anatomy | The study of the structure visible to the naked eye |
| Systemic Anatomy | Study of one organ system at a time |
| Regional Anatomy | Study of multiple organ systems in a given region |
| Terminologia Anatomica | code of standard anatomical terms provides a worldwide standard for naming human structures |
| Diaphragm | a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; Large flat muscle that helps with breathing |
| Cephalic | head region |
| Facial | related to sight and smell organs |
| Cranial | related to the brain |
| Orbital | related to the eyes |
| Oral | related to the mouth |
| Nasal | related to the nose |
| Mental | related to the chin |
| Cervical | related to the neck |
| Thoracic | related to the Chest |
| Pectoral | related to the chest |
| Sternal | related to the breast bone or sternum |
| Acromial | Front of shoulder |
| Axillary | Armpit region |
| Vertebral | Backbones |
| Scapular | Shoulder blade |
| Abdominopelvic cavity | Name for the abdominal and pelvic cavities which make up the space between the diaphragm and pelvic floor |
| Abdominal region | consists of the top 2/3 of the abdominopelvic cavity. contains the umbilical and lumbar region |
| Umbilical | related to the belly button |
| Lumbar | related to the lower back |
| Pelvic region | consists of the bottom 1/3 of the abdominopelvic cavity. consists of the pubic, inguinal, sacral, gluteal, and perineal regions |
| Pubic | the lower part of the abdomen just above the external genital organs |
| Inguinal | region of the groin |
| Sacral | Center of the butt |
| Gluteal | buttox |
| Perineal | between the legs |
| Coxal | hip bone or hip joint |
| Brachium | Upper arm |
| Cubital | Elbow |
| Antebrachium | Forearm |
| Carpal | wrist |
| Manus | Hand |
| Palmar surface of hand | anterior surface (palm surface of hand) |
| Dorsum of hand | posterior surface (back side of hand) |
| Digits | fingers |
| Femoral | Thigh |
| Patellar | Front of Knee |
| Popliteal | Back of Knee |
| Crural | region consisting of the knee to the ankle |
| Tarsal | Ankle |
| Pes | Foot |
| Dorsum of foot | Superior portion (top of foot) |
| Plantar surface | Sole of foot |
| Body Cavity | an internal space in the body lined by membranous sacs containing internal organs |
| Dorsal Body Cavity | sac the encloses the brain (cranial cavity) and spine (vertebral canal) |
| Ventral body cavity | separated by the diaphragm, a muscular sheet, into the thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities |
| Thoracic Cavity | Lungs, heart, and major blood vessels here; region consists of two layered membrane regions. Is the region between the Lungs from base of neck to the diaphragm and is divided by mediastinum, a thick partition which encloses the heart. |
| Pleura | double layer sac found on the right and left sides of thoracic cavity. |
| Visceral pleura | forms the external surface of the lungs as in it actually touches the organ...covers the lungs |
| Parietal pleura | lines the inside of the rib cage (cavity); is towards the body wall; external membrane |
| Pleural cavity | the narrow space between the parietal and visceral pleurae where pleural fluid is secreted |
| Pericardial cavity | separates the visceral and parietal pericardium; where pericardial fluid is found |
| Visceral pericardium | inner layer of the pericardium that forms the heart surface; covers the surface of the heart |
| Parietal pericardium | is the outer layer of the pericardium; lines the inside of the cavity |
| Abdominopelvic Cavity | consists of the abdominal cavity (2/3) and the pelvic cavity (1/3). peritoneum is the membrane found in this cavity |
| Abdominal cavity | consists mostly of digestive organs |
| Pelvic Cavity | consist of the distal part (end) of the large intestine, urinary bladder, urethra, and reproductive organs |
| Visceral organ | an internal organ of the body within the chest (heart and lungs) or abdomen (liver, pancreas, and intestines). these organs are found within some sort of body cavity |
| Serous Membrane | thin lining of cavities which secrete a lubricating film of moisture |
| Pleura | membranous lining of the lungs |
| Pericardium | membranous lining of the heart |
| Peritoneum | membranous lining of the abdomen and pelvis has a parietal layer (lines inside of body cavity) and a visceral layer (covers organ surface) |
| Retroperitoneal | behind the peritoneum. Used to describe the position of the kidneys, which is outside of the peritoneal sac alongside the spine. |
| What are the organ systems? | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive |
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