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Vocab 2.2

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Endocrine System   show
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Exocrine System   show
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show Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes, through the regulation of various physiological processes.  
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show A hormone is a chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland that circulates in the bloodstream and regulates the activity of target cells or organs.  
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Endocrine Gland   show
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show An exocrine gland is a gland that releases its secretions through ducts to the external environment or specific organs.  
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Feedback Loop   show
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show Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism in which the output of a process inhibits or opposes the initial stimulus, maintaining stability or homeostasis.  
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show Positive feedback is a regulatory mechanism in which the output of a process amplifies or reinforces the initial stimulus, often leading to a self-amplifying cycle.  
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Hormone Receptor   show
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show The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that plays a key role in regulating various physiological processes, including hormone secretion, body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep.  
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Pineal Gland   show
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Pituitary Gland   show
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Thyroid   show
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Parathyroid   show
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Pancreas   show
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show The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that secrete hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline (epinephrine), and aldosterone, which regulate stress response, metabolism, and electrolyte balance.  
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Thymus   show
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Ovaries   show
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Testicles   show
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show Secretion is the process by which cells release substances such as hormones, enzymes, or sweat for various physiological functions.  
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Insulin   show
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show Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that increases blood sugar levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver.  
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show Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood by inhibiting the breakdown of bone and promoting calcium excretion by the kidneys.  
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)   show
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show Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys.  
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show The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormonal cascade that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance by controlling the production and release of hormones such as renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone.  
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show A stimulus is a detectable change in the internal or external environment that triggers a physiological response.  
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show A response is the reaction or behavior of an organism to a stimulus.  
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show Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released by neurons (nerve cells) that transmit signals across synapses to target cells, such as other neurons, muscle cells, or glands.  
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show Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in reward-motivated behavior, movement, mood, and cognition.  
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show Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, sleep, and other physiological processes.  
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Epinephrine   show
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Norepinephrine   show
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Acetylcholine   show
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)   show
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show Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a key role in synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity.  
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show An agonist is a drug or substance that binds to and activates a receptor, producing a biological response similar to that of the endogenous ligand.  
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Antagonist   show
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