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Vocab 2.2

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Endocrine System   show
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Exocrine System   show
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show Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes, through the regulation of various physiological processes.  
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show A hormone is a chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland that circulates in the bloodstream and regulates the activity of target cells or organs.  
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Endocrine Gland   show
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show An exocrine gland is a gland that releases its secretions through ducts to the external environment or specific organs.  
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show A feedback loop is a regulatory mechanism in which the output of a process regulates or influences the input, either amplifying (positive feedback) or dampening (negative feedback) the response.  
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Negative Feedback   show
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Positive Feedback   show
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show A hormone receptor is a protein located on the surface or within a target cell that binds to specific hormones, triggering a cellular response.  
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Hypothalamus   show
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Pineal Gland   show
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Pituitary Gland   show
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Thyroid   show
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show The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands located near the thyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.  
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Pancreas   show
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show The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that secrete hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline (epinephrine), and aldosterone, which regulate stress response, metabolism, and electrolyte balance.  
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show The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system located in the chest that produces T-lymphocytes (T cells), which play a key role in immune function.  
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show The ovaries are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs (ova) and secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle and secondary sexual characteristics.  
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show The testicles (or testes) are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and secrete hormones such as testosterone, which regulate male reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics.  
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show Secretion is the process by which cells release substances such as hormones, enzymes, or sweat for various physiological functions.  
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Insulin   show
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show Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that increases blood sugar levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver.  
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Calcitonin   show
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show Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland that regulates water reabsorption by the kidneys, helping to maintain water balance in the body.  
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show Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys.  
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show The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormonal cascade that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance by controlling the production and release of hormones such as renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone.  
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show A stimulus is a detectable change in the internal or external environment that triggers a physiological response.  
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Response   show
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show Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released by neurons (nerve cells) that transmit signals across synapses to target cells, such as other neurons, muscle cells, or glands.  
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show Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in reward-motivated behavior, movement, mood, and cognition.  
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show Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, sleep, and other physiological processes.  
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show Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a key role in the body's fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels to prepare the body for action.  
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show Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter and hormone that helps regulate arousal, attention, and stress response.  
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show Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in muscle contraction, memory, and autonomic nervous system function.  
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)   show
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show Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a key role in synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity.  
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show An agonist is a drug or substance that binds to and activates a receptor, producing a biological response similar to that of the endogenous ligand.  
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show An antagonist is a drug or substance that binds to a receptor,  
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