nervous system
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| sensory input | any electrical impulse sent from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue or skin to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
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| integration | information from the sensory organs is interpreted
motor output: the response generated from the interpretation of sensory input.
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| Voluntary movement | skeletal muscle
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| Involuntary movement | cardiac & smooth muscle
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| CNS function | Coordinates all activities of the body by receiving and transmitting messages throughout the body
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| Right side | controls the left side of body, music/art (creativity) ,intuition, emotions, face recognition, subjectivity
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| Left side | controls the right side of body, numbers/math/scientific skills, language, logic/reasoning, objectivity
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| PNS function | Receives and transmits messages to and from all parts of the body
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| PNS | all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
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| CNS | brain and spinal cord
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| occipital lobe | eyesight/vision
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| temporal lobe | smell and hearing, language, factual and visual memory
frontal lobe - controls movement, personality and emotion, problem solving, and speech
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| parietal lobe | receives and interprets sensory impulses to touch, pain, pressure, and temp
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| cerebrum | judgment, memory, association & critical thinking, highest levels of thought (lobes of the brain)
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| diencephalon | posterior part of the forebrain with three endocrine glands
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| thalamus | sensory “traffic director”
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| hypothalamus | controls HR, BP, body temp, hormones, hunger, thirst, digestion
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| pineal | circadian rhythm
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| Brain stem includes | pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata
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| Spinal cord function | transmits nerve impulses between the brain, limbs, and lower part of the body
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| What protects the spinal cord | CSF and spinal column
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| what is white matter | made of nerve fibers
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| what is gray matter | made of cell bodies
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| nerves function | Receives and transmits messages to and from all parts of the body
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| Neuron | basic cell of the nervous system (nerve cell)
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| Afferent | sensory nerves(example: touching a hot object is sensed by the brain as hot to the touch)
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| Efferent | motor nerves(example: your hands pull away from the hot cup once touched)
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| somatic | have physical signs and symptoms(fatigue, dizziness, pain)
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| Aneurysm | localized dilation of a blood vessel, usually occurring in an artery
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| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (AMS) | muscular weakness and atrophy with involuntary contractions and excessive reflexes; caused by the degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord & brain
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| Syncope | fainting, temporary LOC due to inadequate blood flow to the brain.
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| Cerebral Palsy | affects a person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture; caused by brain damage or abnormal brain development that happens before birth or early in life
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| Guillain Barre | polyneuritis; progressive muscle weakness that could lead to paralysis
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| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | chronic, slow progressive disease of CNS marked by demyelination of glial patches called plaques
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| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | mini stroke; brief stoppage of blood flow to brain. warning sign of a CVA(stroke)
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| Stroke(CVA) | death of brain tissue to loss of blood flow; arterial blockage(ischemic stroke) or arterial rupture(hemorrhagic stroke)
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| Bell’s Palsy | unilateral paralysis of the nerves that control the facial muscles
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| Migraine | intense headache that produces pain to one area of the head
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| Concussion(TBI) | is caused by a violent blow or shaking to the head
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| Paralysis | temporary or permanent loss of voluntary movement
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| Paraplegia | loss of voluntary movement in the lower half of the body including both legs, often result of spinal cord injury
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| Quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs
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| Hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body
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| Paresthesia | sensation of numbness, prickling or tingling, usually in the upper or lower extremities; caused by irritation of, or injury to sensory nerves or nerve roots
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| Spina Bifida | ”split spine”; congenital defect; part of the membrane covering the spinal cord protrudes through a gap in the spine
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| Hydrocephalus | accumulation of excess CSF inside the ventricles of the brain; results in cephalomegaly; brain damage
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| Shingles | painful rash along peripheral nerve tracts, caused by varicella zoster virus(VZV)
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| Coma | state of extended unconsciousness caused by medical event such as TBI, CVA, diabetes, or infection
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| Seizure | disruption of electrical activity in the brain that produces physical and mental changes; convulsions, sensory disturbance, LOC
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| Aura | subjective sensation often occurring just before a migraine or seizure, flashing lights, numbness, tingling or peculiar odors
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| Epilepsy | neural cells become disrupted, causing seizures, limb twitching, and LOC
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| Grand Mal Seizure | also known as tonic-clonic seizures) severe and violent muscle movements
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| Petit Mal Seizure | (absence epilepsy) sudden, temporary loss of consciousness, lasting only a few seconds; seizures are very mild, no convulsion movements
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| Focal Seizure | (also known as a partial seizure) limb jerking, facial twitching, hallucinations, blushing of skin
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| Dementia | group of symptoms that interfere with memory and affect daily life
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| Amnesia | disturbance in the memory marked by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences
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| Delirium | mental confusion and agitation; hallucinations and illusions possible
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| Meningitis | inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord
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| Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) | degenerative changes in the brain structure that lead to dementia; progressive memory loss, impaired cognition, and personality changes, gait changes
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| Parkinson’s Disease (PD) | chronic, degenerative CNS disorder; characterized by fine muscle tremors, mask like facial expression, and a shuffling gait
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| Tetanus (lockjaw) | infection caused by bacteria found in the environment that affects nerve conduction(not spread person to person), can be prevented with vaccine
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| Panic Disorder | sudden recurring attacks of intense anxiety and fear
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| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience
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| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | irrational thoughts and fears causing one to perform repetitive actions(excessive washing, heart palpitations, chest pain, tremors, nausea)
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| Phobia | exaggerated fear of a specific object or situation that causes anxiety and panic
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| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | characterized by excessive worry that is not restricted to specific situations or objects( heart palpitations, chest pain, tremors, sweating, nausea, headaches)
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| Developmental Disorders | characterized by disruption of normal childhood development
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| Dyslexia | learning disorder that makes it difficult to recognize and comprehend written language
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| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | mental disorder where person is easily distracted, hyperactive, and has a lack of impulse control
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| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | disability with difficult communicating with others, inability to maintain eye contact, repetitive behavior, preoccupation with objects
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| Intellectual Disorder (ID) | below average intelligence that causes one to be unable to develop skills necessary for daily living on their own
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| Bipolar (Manic Depressive Disorder) | Alternating periods of depression (emotional low) and mania (emotional high)
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| Depression | Persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness and lack of interest
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| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | form of depression that occurs during fall and winter as a result of less exposure to the sun
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| Psychotic Disorders | group of mental conditions characterized by loss of touch with reality, hallucinations, delusions
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| Postpartum Psychosis | rare condition that develops a week after childbirth
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| Eating Disorders | unhealthy focus on food and weight
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| Anorexia Nervosa | significantly underweight, eats little food/few calories, starves themself
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| Bulimia Nervosa | consists of binging and purging
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| Physician Anesthesiologist | doctor who administers general anesthesia
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| Electroneurodiagnostic Technologist | uses specialized diagnostic equipment to monitor a patient’s nervous system
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| Neurosurgeon | A physician who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of the nervous system
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