Anatomy & Phyiology Review for Mid-term
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| laying face upward, on your back is referred to as: | Supine
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| laying face downward, on your stomach is known as: | prone position
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| sitting in bed with head of bed elevated 45–60 degrees is called? | Fowler's Position
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| When would you use trendelenburg position? | When patient has edema (fluid accumulated in the lower extremeties)
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| When would you use Fowler’s position? | Breathing difficulty (facilitates breathing)
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| When would you use lithotomy position? | In a pelvic exam, labor
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| When would you use sim’s position? | Rectal exam or enamas
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| difficulty breathing if patient lies flat is known as? | orthopnea
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| When would you see a patient with orthopnea? | CHF (congestive heart failure)
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| Dizziness (or drop in blood pressure) when changing from seated to standing position is known as? | orthostatic hypotension
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| This plane divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) sections | Transverse or horizontal plane
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| means towards head or upper body | Superior
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| means away from head or toward lower part of body | inferior
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| refers to body parts located away from midline | lateral
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| refers to body parts located near middle or midline of body: | medial
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| This plane divides body into front and back sections | Frontal or Coronal Plane
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| refers to body parts towards or on front of body | Anterior (ventral)
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| refers to body parts towards or on back of body | Posterior or dorsal
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| refers to body parts close to point of reference of body | Proximal
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| refers to body parts away from point of reference | Distal
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| Thoracic Cavity contains these major organs: | Heart Lungs Large blood vessels
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| liver or gallbladder problems are mostly to present with symptoms in this quadrant | RUQ
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| areas of body allow X-rays to pass through to film easily; produce dark areas on film called: | radiolucent
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| areas of body allow fewer X-rays to pass through to film; produce light areas on the film called? | Radiopaque
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| X-ray beam passes from patient’s back to patient’s front and then onto film(Standard view for chest X-ray) this type of x-ray is called? | PA
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| X-ray beam passes from patient’s front to patient’s back and then onto film, this type of x-ray is called? | AP
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| study of internal and external structures of the human body | Anatomy
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| Focuses on function and vital processes of various structures making up the human body | Physiology
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| is the study of disease characteristics, causes, and effects | Pathology
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| The body works to make things function smoothly and maintain balance known as | homeostasis
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| The cause of a disease is known as | etiology
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| study of the transmission, frequency of occurrence, distribution, and control of a disease is known as? | Epidemiology
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| If feedback opposes the stimulus it is a | Negative feedback
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| Vital signs include: | Pulse Blood Pressure Temperature Respiratory Rate
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| subjective indicators of illness that are perceived only by the patient | Symptoms
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| a specific grouping of signs and symptoms related to a specific disease | Syndrome
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| identification of disease determined by studying patient’s signs, symptoms, history, and results of diagnostic tests | Diagnosis
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| prediction about outcome of a disease | Prognosis
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| gradual onset of symptoms over a long period of time ex: Arthritis. | Chronic disease
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| rapid onset of signs and symptoms eg Viral Diarrhea | Acute conditions
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| period of time when signs and symptoms of chronic disease disappear eg multiple sclerosis | Remission
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| first line of defense in th ebody is the: | Skin
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| infected insect spreads infection to person (example: malaria), this is known as? | Biological Vector
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| when consumable goods (such as food) become contaminated; results in several people simultaneously developing same infection eg food poisoning at a picnic, this is known as: | Common vehicles
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| when the cause of a disease cannot be determined | idiopathic disease
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| a disease that exists permanently in a particular region or population | Endemic
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| An outbreak of disease that attacks many peoples at about the same time and may spread through one or several communities | Epidemic
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| When an epidemic spreads throughout the world | pandemic
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| Units of measurements all based on units that relate to each other by powers of 10 | metric units
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| Refers to all chemical operations going on within the body | metabolism
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| Two types of metabolism are: | anabolism and catabolism
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| Process of simple compounds being built up and then used to manufacture materials for growth, reproduction, and repair | anabolism
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| Process by which complex substances are broken down into simpler substances | catabolism
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| to maintains a stable internal environment or equilibrium within the body: | Homeostasis
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| are basic building blocks of human body | Cells
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| Defined boundary that possesses a definite shape and actually holds cell contents together, acting as protective covering | Cell membrane
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| choosing what gets in or out of the cell membrane is defined as: | Selectively permeable
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| this type of transport requires no extra form of energy to complete | Passive transport
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| type of transport that requires some addition of energy (ATP) to make it happen | active transport
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| Passive transport types include: | DiffusionOsmosis FiltrationFacilitated diffusion
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| substance of higher concentration travels to area of lesser concentration | Diffusion
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| water travels through selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentrations of a substance | osmosis
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| a condition caused by malformation in membrane channels for chloride and sodium ions in which thick mucous is produced | Cystic fibrosis
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| Common medical problem; main symptom (high blood sugar or glucose) caused by problem with facilitated diffusion | Diabetes Mellitus
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| Used by cells for intake of liquid and food when substance too large to diffuse across membrane | endocytosis
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| Transport of things out of cell such as waste through a vesicle or sac | exocytosis
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| Bad cholesterol is known as: | LDL
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| Good cholesterol is known as: | HDL
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| Gel-like substance composed of water, nutrients, and electrolytes, which looks a lot like white of raw egg found within cells | cytoplasm
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| Brains” of cell Dictates activities of other organelles in cell, contains DNA | Nucleus
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| Act as building contractor, building new structures as need arises | Centrosomes
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| Tiny bean-shaped organelles, act as power plant for the cell | Mitochondria
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| folded membranes in the cells that have ribosomes attached are called: | Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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| folded membranes within the cell without ribosomes (produce lipids/steroids) | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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| Organelles containing powerful enzymes that take care of cleaning up intercellular debris and other waste (housekeeper) | Lysosomes
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| whip-shaped tails that move some cells, like sperm, to other locations | Flagella
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| short, microscopic, hair-like projections located on outer surface of some cells; move particles using wavelike motion | cilia
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| appearance of cherry red spot is characteristic of this condition: | Tay Sachs
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