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A & P Mid-term Revie
Anatomy & Phyiology Review for Mid-term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| laying face upward, on your back is referred to as: | Supine |
| laying face downward, on your stomach is known as: | prone position |
| sitting in bed with head of bed elevated 45–60 degrees is called? | Fowler's Position |
| When would you use trendelenburg position? | When patient has edema (fluid accumulated in the lower extremeties) |
| When would you use Fowler’s position? | Breathing difficulty (facilitates breathing) |
| When would you use lithotomy position? | In a pelvic exam, labor |
| When would you use sim’s position? | Rectal exam or enamas |
| difficulty breathing if patient lies flat is known as? | orthopnea |
| When would you see a patient with orthopnea? | CHF (congestive heart failure) |
| Dizziness (or drop in blood pressure) when changing from seated to standing position is known as? | orthostatic hypotension |
| This plane divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) sections | Transverse or horizontal plane |
| means towards head or upper body | Superior |
| means away from head or toward lower part of body | inferior |
| refers to body parts located away from midline | lateral |
| refers to body parts located near middle or midline of body: | medial |
| This plane divides body into front and back sections | Frontal or Coronal Plane |
| refers to body parts towards or on front of body | Anterior (ventral) |
| refers to body parts towards or on back of body | Posterior or dorsal |
| refers to body parts close to point of reference of body | Proximal |
| refers to body parts away from point of reference | Distal |
| Thoracic Cavity contains these major organs: | Heart Lungs Large blood vessels |
| liver or gallbladder problems are mostly to present with symptoms in this quadrant | RUQ |
| areas of body allow X-rays to pass through to film easily; produce dark areas on film called: | radiolucent |
| areas of body allow fewer X-rays to pass through to film; produce light areas on the film called? | Radiopaque |
| X-ray beam passes from patient’s back to patient’s front and then onto film(Standard view for chest X-ray) this type of x-ray is called? | PA |
| X-ray beam passes from patient’s front to patient’s back and then onto film, this type of x-ray is called? | AP |
| study of internal and external structures of the human body | Anatomy |
| Focuses on function and vital processes of various structures making up the human body | Physiology |
| is the study of disease characteristics, causes, and effects | Pathology |
| The body works to make things function smoothly and maintain balance known as | homeostasis |
| The cause of a disease is known as | etiology |
| study of the transmission, frequency of occurrence, distribution, and control of a disease is known as? | Epidemiology |
| If feedback opposes the stimulus it is a | Negative feedback |
| Vital signs include: | Pulse Blood Pressure Temperature Respiratory Rate |
| subjective indicators of illness that are perceived only by the patient | Symptoms |
| a specific grouping of signs and symptoms related to a specific disease | Syndrome |
| identification of disease determined by studying patient’s signs, symptoms, history, and results of diagnostic tests | Diagnosis |
| prediction about outcome of a disease | Prognosis |
| gradual onset of symptoms over a long period of time ex: Arthritis. | Chronic disease |
| rapid onset of signs and symptoms eg Viral Diarrhea | Acute conditions |
| period of time when signs and symptoms of chronic disease disappear eg multiple sclerosis | Remission |
| first line of defense in th ebody is the: | Skin |
| infected insect spreads infection to person (example: malaria), this is known as? | Biological Vector |
| when consumable goods (such as food) become contaminated; results in several people simultaneously developing same infection eg food poisoning at a picnic, this is known as: | Common vehicles |
| when the cause of a disease cannot be determined | idiopathic disease |
| a disease that exists permanently in a particular region or population | Endemic |
| An outbreak of disease that attacks many peoples at about the same time and may spread through one or several communities | Epidemic |
| When an epidemic spreads throughout the world | pandemic |
| Units of measurements all based on units that relate to each other by powers of 10 | metric units |
| Refers to all chemical operations going on within the body | metabolism |
| Two types of metabolism are: | anabolism and catabolism |
| Process of simple compounds being built up and then used to manufacture materials for growth, reproduction, and repair | anabolism |
| Process by which complex substances are broken down into simpler substances | catabolism |
| to maintains a stable internal environment or equilibrium within the body: | Homeostasis |
| are basic building blocks of human body | Cells |
| Defined boundary that possesses a definite shape and actually holds cell contents together, acting as protective covering | Cell membrane |
| choosing what gets in or out of the cell membrane is defined as: | Selectively permeable |
| this type of transport requires no extra form of energy to complete | Passive transport |
| type of transport that requires some addition of energy (ATP) to make it happen | active transport |
| Passive transport types include: | DiffusionOsmosis FiltrationFacilitated diffusion |
| substance of higher concentration travels to area of lesser concentration | Diffusion |
| water travels through selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentrations of a substance | osmosis |
| a condition caused by malformation in membrane channels for chloride and sodium ions in which thick mucous is produced | Cystic fibrosis |
| Common medical problem; main symptom (high blood sugar or glucose) caused by problem with facilitated diffusion | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Used by cells for intake of liquid and food when substance too large to diffuse across membrane | endocytosis |
| Transport of things out of cell such as waste through a vesicle or sac | exocytosis |
| Bad cholesterol is known as: | LDL |
| Good cholesterol is known as: | HDL |
| Gel-like substance composed of water, nutrients, and electrolytes, which looks a lot like white of raw egg found within cells | cytoplasm |
| Brains” of cell Dictates activities of other organelles in cell, contains DNA | Nucleus |
| Act as building contractor, building new structures as need arises | Centrosomes |
| Tiny bean-shaped organelles, act as power plant for the cell | Mitochondria |
| folded membranes in the cells that have ribosomes attached are called: | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| folded membranes within the cell without ribosomes (produce lipids/steroids) | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Organelles containing powerful enzymes that take care of cleaning up intercellular debris and other waste (housekeeper) | Lysosomes |
| whip-shaped tails that move some cells, like sperm, to other locations | Flagella |
| short, microscopic, hair-like projections located on outer surface of some cells; move particles using wavelike motion | cilia |
| appearance of cherry red spot is characteristic of this condition: | Tay Sachs |
Created by:
bismark
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