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MLS Immunology Exam

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Term
Definition
show A series of 35 proteins that are synthesized by the liver, monocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells. The main functions of these proteins are to defend the host against infection, clear immune complexes, and join the innate +adaptive immune system  
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show Classic, Alternative, Mannose-binding Lectin. All three of these converge at the activation of C3.  
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show This pathway does not have C1, but MASP1 and MASP2. Initiated by a certain surface molecule.  
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Alternative Pathway   show
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show This makes an intracellular "hole" for lysis. Includes C6, C7, C8 and C9.  
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Anaphylatoxins   show
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show These fragments of the complement system have a certain function. C3b, iC3b and C4b are all _________. They bind receptors on phagocytic cells to increase phagocytosis and aid in clearing immune complexes.  
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Complement Regulators   show
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Agglutination and Precipitation   show
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show Ab and Ag combine to form insoluble lattices. Examples include electrophoresis and nephelometry  
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Equivalence (Agg. & Precip)   show
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show Too much Ab - little or no precipitation occurs and thus would test negative for Ab. Must dilute patient sample.  
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show Too few Ab - little or no precipitation occurs and thus would test negative for Ab. Must redraw blood to increase titer.  
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Immunodiffusion / Ouchterlony   show
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show Two wells filled with same Ag diffuse to make line of identity.  
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Ouchterlony- Patrial Identity   show
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show Two wells filled with different Ag that form a line of _______.  
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show Quantitative immunoprecipitation technique. Different Ag concentrations but constant Ab. Diameter related to concentration of Ag  
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show Optical analysis methods to acquire and analyze Ab/ Ag lattice formations.  
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Turbidimetry   show
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Nephelometry   show
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show These are attached to Ab or Ag to increase sensitivity of detection. Includes radio, enzymes , fluorescence, chemiluminsescense  
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Enzyme Labels   show
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Heterogenous Assay Labels   show
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Direct vs Indirect Immunoassays   show
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Sandwich (Capture) Immunoassay   show
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Competitive Immunoassay   show
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show Gel electrophoresis separates proteins of pathogens. Separated proteins are transferred to nitrocellulose paper. Nonspecific binding sites blocked by dried milk. Add patient sample containing Ab to paper, add 2nd labeled Ab and substrate.  
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show Sample fixed to slide conjugate specific to Ab is laid on sample, labeled Ab bind to Ag ex. Flow  
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show Cell measured as they pass through a light source in a fluid stream. Combines immunofluorescent assay with cell sampling and cell optics.  
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show Less than 200 CD4 T cells is indicative of what disease?  
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show A problem in the function of either part of or total function of the immune system, creating partial or total immunodeficiency. Friendly fire from the immune system towards an innocuous Ag. Depends on host response and not nature of Ag.  
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Allergen   show
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show What are the four types of hypersensitivity and the acronym used to remember them?  
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show Immediate, IgE mediated, localized or systemic. Reaction is a result of release of mediators from mast cells and basophils, only activated at second exposure. Ag stimulates Ab IR by activating CD4. Ex. Allergic Rhinitis and certain foods. Causes uticaria.  
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Sensitization   show
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show mediated by IgG and IgM. Cellular destruction as a result of Ab/complement mediated lysis, opsonization and cytotoxicity. Results in tissue destruction. Ex. Hemolytic Anemia  
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Type 3 Hypersensitivity- Immune Complex Mediated   show
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show Mediated by CD4 and CD8 cells that release cytokines and recruits inflammatory cells at exposure site. Results in localized tissue damage, contact dermatitis. Ex. Poison ivy/oak and nickel.  
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Autoimmunity   show
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SLE   show
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show Homogenous - SLE Speckled - MCTD, Sjorgen's, SLE, Scleroderma Nucleolar - SLE, Scleroderma Centromere - CREST  
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show This organ has metabolic functions as well as storage, immune and endocrine.  
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show Breaks down carbs, amino acids, lipids, hemoglobin. Breaks down ammonia to urea and removes toxins  
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show Makes plasma proteins (albumin), lipids, triglycerids, fatty acids, coag proteins and RBCs in infants  
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show Vitamins, minerals and carbs in the form of glycogen  
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Immune Functions of Liver   show
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ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, PT/INR   show
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show Fibrous tissue that forms due to damage to liver structure and impaired function  
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Cholestatis   show
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show Primary viral, secondary viral (CMV, EBC, Herpes), bacterial, drug/toxins (ethanol) , parasites  
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show HAVT Ab, HAVIgM Ab, HAVIgG Ab, NO AG TESTS  
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show HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HbcT and HBcIgM - NO AG for C!!  
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HCV Serological Tests   show
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HDV Serological tests   show
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show HEAb - NO AG  
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Spirochetes   show
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show This disease is spread by deer ticks and is due to the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi. A bullseye rash (erythema chronicum migrans) may appear 3-30 days post infection. Tested with IFA, ELISA and confirmed with Western Blot. Tests look for Ab, NOT Ag.  
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Treponema Pallidum; mostly transmitted sexually   show
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When is syphilis considered primary? What are the symptoms?   show
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show 2-8 weeks; rash and lesions occur as well as warts and flu like symptoms. This stage is most contagious.  
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show 5-20 years, but can be earlier; usually asymptomatic  
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show as early as 1 year; issues with CNS and cardiac system, formation of granulomas  
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Syphilis Testing   show
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show Bioplex, RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin which is a flocculation test), VDRL  
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HIV   show
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Structure of HIV   show
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3 Structural Genes of HIV   show
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Viral IgG   show
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Viral IgM   show
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