MLS Immunology Exam
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| show | A series of 35 proteins that are synthesized by the liver, monocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells. The main functions of these proteins are to defend the host against infection, clear immune complexes, and join the innate +adaptive immune system
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| show | Classic, Alternative, Mannose-binding Lectin. All three of these converge at the activation of C3.
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| show | This pathway does not have C1, but MASP1 and MASP2. Initiated by a certain surface molecule.
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| Alternative Pathway | show 🗑
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| show | This makes an intracellular "hole" for lysis. Includes C6, C7, C8 and C9.
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| Anaphylatoxins | show 🗑
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| show | These fragments of the complement system have a certain function. C3b, iC3b and C4b are all _________. They bind receptors on phagocytic cells to increase phagocytosis and aid in clearing immune complexes.
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| Complement Regulators | show 🗑
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| Agglutination and Precipitation | show 🗑
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| show | Ab and Ag combine to form insoluble lattices. Examples include electrophoresis and nephelometry
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| Equivalence (Agg. & Precip) | show 🗑
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| show | Too much Ab - little or no precipitation occurs and thus would test negative for Ab. Must dilute patient sample.
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| show | Too few Ab - little or no precipitation occurs and thus would test negative for Ab. Must redraw blood to increase titer.
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| Immunodiffusion / Ouchterlony | show 🗑
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| show | Two wells filled with same Ag diffuse to make line of identity.
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| Ouchterlony- Patrial Identity | show 🗑
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| show | Two wells filled with different Ag that form a line of _______.
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| show | Quantitative immunoprecipitation technique. Different Ag concentrations but constant Ab. Diameter related to concentration of Ag
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| show | Optical analysis methods to acquire and analyze Ab/
Ag lattice formations.
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| Turbidimetry | show 🗑
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| Nephelometry | show 🗑
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| show | These are attached to Ab or Ag to increase sensitivity of detection. Includes radio, enzymes , fluorescence, chemiluminsescense
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| Enzyme Labels | show 🗑
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| Heterogenous Assay Labels | show 🗑
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| Direct vs Indirect Immunoassays | show 🗑
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| Sandwich (Capture) Immunoassay | show 🗑
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| Competitive Immunoassay | show 🗑
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| show | Gel electrophoresis separates proteins of pathogens. Separated proteins are transferred to nitrocellulose paper. Nonspecific binding sites blocked by dried milk. Add patient sample containing Ab to paper, add 2nd labeled Ab and substrate.
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| show | Sample fixed to slide conjugate specific to Ab is laid on sample, labeled Ab bind to Ag ex. Flow
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| show | Cell measured as they pass through a light source in a fluid stream. Combines immunofluorescent assay with cell sampling and cell optics.
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| show | Less than 200 CD4 T cells is indicative of what disease?
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| show | A problem in the function of either part of or total function of the immune system, creating partial or total immunodeficiency. Friendly fire from the immune system towards an innocuous Ag. Depends on host response and not nature of Ag.
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| Allergen | show 🗑
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| show | What are the four types of hypersensitivity and the acronym used to remember them?
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| show | Immediate, IgE mediated, localized or systemic. Reaction is a result of release of mediators from mast cells and basophils, only activated at second exposure. Ag stimulates Ab IR by activating CD4. Ex. Allergic Rhinitis and certain foods. Causes uticaria.
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| Sensitization | show 🗑
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| show | mediated by IgG and IgM. Cellular destruction as a result of Ab/complement mediated lysis, opsonization and cytotoxicity. Results in tissue destruction. Ex. Hemolytic Anemia
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| Type 3 Hypersensitivity- Immune Complex Mediated | show 🗑
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| show | Mediated by CD4 and CD8 cells that release cytokines and recruits inflammatory cells at exposure site. Results in localized tissue damage, contact dermatitis. Ex. Poison ivy/oak and nickel.
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| Autoimmunity | show 🗑
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| SLE | show 🗑
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| show | Homogenous - SLE
Speckled - MCTD, Sjorgen's, SLE, Scleroderma
Nucleolar - SLE, Scleroderma
Centromere - CREST
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| show | This organ has metabolic functions as well as storage, immune and endocrine.
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| show | Breaks down carbs, amino acids, lipids, hemoglobin. Breaks down ammonia to urea and removes toxins
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| show | Makes plasma proteins (albumin), lipids, triglycerids, fatty acids, coag proteins and RBCs in infants
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| show | Vitamins, minerals and carbs in the form of glycogen
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| Immune Functions of Liver | show 🗑
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| ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, PT/INR | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous tissue that forms due to damage to liver structure and impaired function
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| Cholestatis | show 🗑
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| show | Primary viral, secondary viral (CMV, EBC, Herpes), bacterial, drug/toxins (ethanol) , parasites
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| show | HAVT Ab, HAVIgM Ab, HAVIgG Ab, NO AG TESTS
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| show | HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HbcT and HBcIgM - NO AG for C!!
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| HCV Serological Tests | show 🗑
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| HDV Serological tests | show 🗑
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| show | HEAb - NO AG
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| Spirochetes | show 🗑
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| show | This disease is spread by deer ticks and is due to the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi. A bullseye rash (erythema chronicum migrans) may appear 3-30 days post infection. Tested with IFA, ELISA and confirmed with Western Blot. Tests look for Ab, NOT Ag.
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| Treponema Pallidum; mostly transmitted sexually | show 🗑
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| When is syphilis considered primary? What are the symptoms? | show 🗑
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| show | 2-8 weeks; rash and lesions occur as well as warts and flu like symptoms. This stage is most contagious.
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| show | 5-20 years, but can be earlier; usually asymptomatic
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| show | as early as 1 year; issues with CNS and cardiac system, formation of granulomas
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| Syphilis Testing | show 🗑
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| show | Bioplex, RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin which is a flocculation test), VDRL
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| HIV | show 🗑
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| Structure of HIV | show 🗑
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| 3 Structural Genes of HIV | show 🗑
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| Viral IgG | show 🗑
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| Viral IgM | show 🗑
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