MLS Immunology Exam
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| show | A series of 35 proteins that are synthesized by the liver, monocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells. The main functions of these proteins are to defend the host against infection, clear immune complexes, and join the innate +adaptive immune system
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| show | Classic, Alternative, Mannose-binding Lectin. All three of these converge at the activation of C3.
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| Mannose binding Lectin Pathway | show 🗑
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| show | This pathway does not have C1, or C4, but Factor B, D and properdin. Initiated by a certain surface molecule.
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| show | This makes an intracellular "hole" for lysis. Includes C6, C7, C8 and C9.
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| show | These fragments of the complement system have a certain function. C3a, C4a, and C5a are all _______. They cause histamine release, smooth muscle contractions and an increase in vascular permeability
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| Opsonins | show 🗑
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| show | C1INH controls both classic and MBL pathways. C1INH causes C1r and C1s to dissociate from C1q in classic pathway. C1INH prevents binding of MBL to MASP2 in lectin pathway.
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| show | These two immunoassays rely on multiple binding sites of both Ab and Ag. Soluble Ag rxn = ___________ while a particulate antigen rxn = ______________.
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| Precipitation | show 🗑
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| Equivalence (Agg. & Precip) | show 🗑
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| show | Too much Ab - little or no precipitation occurs and thus would test negative for Ab. Must dilute patient sample.
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| show | Too few Ab - little or no precipitation occurs and thus would test negative for Ab. Must redraw blood to increase titer.
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| show | A double diffusion gel precipitation. Ab & Ag diffuse through gel. Ab and Ag are in adjacent wells. A precipitin line forms where Ab and Ag are at equivalence. Determines antigenic relatedness of unknown test with known Ag.
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| show | Two wells filled with same Ag diffuse to make line of identity.
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| show | Teo wells filled with same Ag but different epitopes.
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| show | Two wells filled with different Ag that form a line of _______.
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| show | Quantitative immunoprecipitation technique. Different Ag concentrations but constant Ab. Diameter related to concentration of Ag
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| show | Optical analysis methods to acquire and analyze Ab/
Ag lattice formations.
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| show | Initial cloudiness is measured by passing a light through solution. Measures light the gets across solution which is proportional to the concentration of molecules
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| show | Measures light scatter at different angles than incoming light source, Some limitations due to excess in solution
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| Labels/ Labeled Immunoassays | show 🗑
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| Enzyme Labels | show 🗑
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| show | Radiolabels, enzymes/substrates, fluorescence (FITC apple green)
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| show | Labeled Ab + Ag or labeled Ag + Ab. VS
Unlabeled Ag + unlabeled Ab + labeled antiglobulin
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| Sandwich (Capture) Immunoassay | show 🗑
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| Competitive Immunoassay | show 🗑
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| Western Blot | show 🗑
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| show | Sample fixed to slide conjugate specific to Ab is laid on sample, labeled Ab bind to Ag ex. Flow
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| show | Cell measured as they pass through a light source in a fluid stream. Combines immunofluorescent assay with cell sampling and cell optics.
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| show | Less than 200 CD4 T cells is indicative of what disease?
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| Hypersensitivity Reaction | show 🗑
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| show | Harmless Ag that stimulates an IgE response
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| show | What are the four types of hypersensitivity and the acronym used to remember them?
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| show | Immediate, IgE mediated, localized or systemic. Reaction is a result of release of mediators from mast cells and basophils, only activated at second exposure. Ag stimulates Ab IR by activating CD4. Ex. Allergic Rhinitis and certain foods. Causes uticaria.
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| show | Previously exposed to an Ag, have developed an immune response
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| Type 2 Hypersensitivity- Cell/Surface Bound Ab | show 🗑
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| Type 3 Hypersensitivity- Immune Complex Mediated | show 🗑
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| show | Mediated by CD4 and CD8 cells that release cytokines and recruits inflammatory cells at exposure site. Results in localized tissue damage, contact dermatitis. Ex. Poison ivy/oak and nickel.
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| Autoimmunity | show 🗑
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| show | Titers greater than or equal to 80 indicate ______.
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| Staining patterns in nuclei | show 🗑
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| Liver | show 🗑
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| Metabolic Functions of Liver | show 🗑
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| show | Makes plasma proteins (albumin), lipids, triglycerids, fatty acids, coag proteins and RBCs in infants
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| show | Vitamins, minerals and carbs in the form of glycogen
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| show | Mononuclear phagocytic system, removal of immune complexed from circulation
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| ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, PT/INR | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous tissue that forms due to damage to liver structure and impaired function
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| show | Suppression of flow and or synthesis of bile due to impaired liver function related to hepatobiliary system or obstruction
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| show | Primary viral, secondary viral (CMV, EBC, Herpes), bacterial, drug/toxins (ethanol) , parasites
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| HAV Serological Tests | show 🗑
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| show | HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HbcT and HBcIgM - NO AG for C!!
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| HCV Serological Tests | show 🗑
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| show | HDAg, HDAb
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| HEV Serological Tests | show 🗑
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| show | A group of motile, anaerobic, gram negative bacteria with axial flagella. Examples include syphilis, Lyme disease and leptospirosis.
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| Lyme Disease | show 🗑
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| show | What is the bacteria responsible for syphilis and how is it transmitted?
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| When is syphilis considered primary? What are the symptoms? | show 🗑
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| When is syphilis considered secondary? What are the symptoms? | show 🗑
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| When is syphilis considered latent? What are the symptoms? | show 🗑
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| show | as early as 1 year; issues with CNS and cardiac system, formation of granulomas
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| Syphilis Testing | show 🗑
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| show | Bioplex, RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin which is a flocculation test), VDRL
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| show | An incurable virus that attacks the immune system. Detected by low # of CD4 cells. Belongs to Lentivirus family and has 2 types, oral and genital.
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| show | This organism has 2 copies of RNA, proviral DNA and 3 structural genes
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| show | Gag- capsid, matrix, nucleocapsid
Pol- integrase, reverse transcriptase, protease
Env- gp120 and gp41 which bind to cells for infection
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| show | develops 1-2 weeks after primary infection, peaks at 4-8 weeks and remains detectable throughout life
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| show | found within first few weeks of infection, becomes undetectable after a few months, A fourfold raise in titer indicates active infection
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