Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password

Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

Organisation of the Body

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
Regulation of blood glucose levels   show
🗑
Anatomy of the pancreas   show
🗑
Innervation   show
🗑
show Clusters of 1000 endocrine cells 1 million islets in a human Different islet endocrine types; alpha (glucagon), beta (insulin), delta (somatostatin), PP-cells (pancreatic polypeptide) and epsilon (Ghrelin)  
🗑
show Gene located on chromosome 11 Expressed as preproinsulin and processed to make mature insulin Cleavage of C-peptide occurs in the golgi Mature insulin stored in secretory vesicles - 8fg per granule 10000 granules per beta cell  
🗑
show Increase in glucose moving in through GLUT1/2 Converted to ATP through oxidative metabolism ATP blocks potassium ATP channels Cell depolarises opening CVGGs Leads to exocytosis of vesicles  
🗑
show Initial rapid rise in insulin conc following glucose consumption Continues to increase over the next 2 hours as glucose moves into cells  
🗑
show Stimulated by increased blood glucose Inhibits release of glucose from the liver Promotes uptake of glucose into muscle and fat  
🗑
show Increased blood glucose PSNS Amino acids Fatty acids Glucagon Gastrointestinal hormones SNS and Somatostatin inhibit  
🗑
show Tyrosine kinase Dimerises on activation and auto phosphorylates Inserts GLUT4 into membrane Enzymes involved in metabolic pathways are activated or inactivated  
🗑
show Carbohydrate metabolism - GLUT4, glycolysis, glycogenesis, inhibits gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis Protein metabolism - stimulates AA uptake and protein synthesis Lipid metabolism - Stimulates lipogenesis and inhibits lioplysis  
🗑
Action of insulin on K   show
🗑
show GLUT1 - plasma membrane of all cells - glucose, galactose and mannose GLUT2 - intestine, kidney etc - glucose and fructose GLUT3 - everywhere - glucose GLUT4 - muscle - glucose GLUT5 - gut - fructose  
🗑
show SGLT1 - intestine and kidneys = (2 NA for 1 glucose) SGLT2 kidney - (1 Na for 1 glucose)  
🗑
Incretin hormones   show
🗑
show Healthy - incretin hormones are responsible for glucose secretion Diseased - K atp channels responsible for glucose secretion GIP pathway not active in diabetics - explains why metformin has no effect on healthy cells  
🗑
Release of incretin hormones   show
🗑
show Inhibits glucagon secretion Stimulates insulin secretion Decreases appetite Inhibits gastric emptying  
🗑
show Glucagon - pro-glucagon - GLP1 by prohormone convertase 1/3 secreted GLP1 - small peptides - amino acids by dipeptidyl peptidase IV  
🗑
Alpha cells and glucagon   show
🗑
show Decreased blood glucose SNS AAs GI hormones inhibited by somatostatin and insulin  
🗑
Glucagon receptors   show
🗑
show Inhibitory polypeptide found in brain, GI tract and islets Cleaved from prosomatostatin - 14aas in brain and 28 aa in islets Pancreatic inhibitor of insulin and glucagon secretion - brake on islet cell activity Inhibitory Gas GPCR  
🗑
show Urine output increases Urine contains raised amounts of glucose Caused by lack of glucose Type 1 - lack of insulin Type 2 - resistance to insulin and collapsing b cell function More than one cause of type 2  
🗑
show Normal fasting plasma glucose - 3.5-5.5 mM Considered hypoglycaemic if <4 mM Diagnosis of diabetes if > 7 mM Normal individuals clear glucose in 2 hours diabetic >11.1 mM after 2 hours  
🗑
show Type 1 - immune destruction of B cells Neonatal - mutations in K atp channels Type 2 - impaired b cell function and defective insulin signalling in metabolic syndrome Gestational diabetes Maturity onset diabetes of young people - mutations in 6 genes  
🗑
show Insulin dependent Immune destruction of beta cells Complete lack of insulin signals starvation increasing gluconeogenesis and glycolysis Ketogenesis is upregulated Peak incidence 12-14 Genetic and environment play a role  
🗑
Type 2 diabetes   show
🗑
show Gangrenous foot - poor blood and nerve supply Neuropathy in retina leading to blindness Kidney damage - primary cause of death Albumin detected in urine due to podocyte damage Results from glycosylation of proteins in high plasma glucose  
🗑
Glycosylated haemoglobin   show
🗑
Glycation   show
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Popular Medical sets