Terms from Translation unit of 04-350 at NW
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| show | monomeric subunit used to form a polypeptide or protein
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| show | NH3+, functional group that is part of an amino acid. You could consider this the head of the monomer.
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| carboxyl group | show 🗑
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| variable group | show 🗑
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| radical group | show 🗑
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| alpha carbon | show 🗑
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| show | covalent bond that links amino acids together in a chain, extending from the carboxyl group of the first amino acid to the amino acid of the second. formed by peptidyl transferase during translation
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| show | a nucleoside that may be found in RNA after chemical modification has occurred. found in the T loop of tRNA
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| dihydroxyuridine | show 🗑
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| show | a nucleoside that may be found in RNA after chemical modification has occurred. found in the anticodon of tRNA in particular
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| show | stem loops and hairpins of tRNA due to internal base pairing. greatly influenced by rare chemically modified bases
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| show | overall 3D shape of a tRNA when stem loops are twisted and contorted. greatly influenced by rare chemically modified bases. determines which amino acyl synthetase will charge that tRNA
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| anticodon | show 🗑
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| D loop | show 🗑
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| show | loop of a tRNA closest to the 3' end of the molecule. Contains a thymidine due to chemical modification
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| show | Loop of a tRNA that may or may not be present. Has a big impact on overall shape
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| acceptor stem | show 🗑
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| show | process by which amino acids are attached to the acceptor stem of a tRNA. Requires the consumption of energy.
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| amino acyl tRNA synthetase | show 🗑
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| codon | show 🗑
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| triplet | show 🗑
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| show | one codon sequence always codes for the same amino acid
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| show | a single base in a codon is part of only one codon... not multiple
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| show | the genetic code is not broken up using markers to distinguish one codon from the other
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| redundant | show 🗑
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| universal | show 🗑
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| start codon | show 🗑
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| show | a sequence in the mRNA that indicates where translation will stop. not recognized by any tRNA but recognized by release factors instead. also known as nonsense codons
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| ORF | show 🗑
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| show | a codon that codes for an amino acid
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| show | possibility of improper complementary base pairing that violates Chargaff's Rules, of A-U, and C-G pairing. Possible but not thermodynamically stable. Occurs during mutation and wobble.
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| wobble | show 🗑
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| Svedberg unit | show 🗑
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| show | machinery for protein synthesis, composed of two subunits (one large and one small)
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| small ribosomal subunit | show 🗑
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| show | complex of rRNA and protein that serves as one half of a functional ribosome
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| A site | show 🗑
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| P site | show 🗑
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| show | exit site, exit channel where uncharged tRNA will leave the ribosome after being used in translation
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| show | portion of the large ribosomal subunit that makes contact with elongation factors to insure the proper tRNA is in the A site
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| show | ribozyme that is part of the large ribosomal subunit, responsible for making the peptide bonds between amino acids during translation
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| show | 5' untranslated region, portion of the mRNA at the 5' end that does not contain codons, upstream of the start codon
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| 3' UTR | show 🗑
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| show | a mRNA that contains a single ORF
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| polycistronic | show 🗑
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| ribosomal binding site | show 🗑
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| initiator tRNA | show 🗑
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| show | chemically modified methionine used during initiation of prokaryotic translation carried by the initiator tRNA
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| Methionine | show 🗑
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| IF1 | show 🗑
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| show | initiation factor 2, protein in prokaryotes that holds the initiator tRNA in place until the ribosome assembles
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| show | initiation factor 3, protein in prokaryotes that keeps lrge and small ribosomal subunits apart until they recognize a mRNA
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| GTP | show 🗑
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| methyl guanosine cap | show 🗑
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| show | consensus sequence found in eukaryotic 5' UTR adjacent to the start codon, used to indicate which start codon should be used for initiation
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| cap binding proteins | show 🗑
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| EF-Tu | show 🗑
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| EF-G | show 🗑
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| release factor | show 🗑
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| mRNA looping | show 🗑
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| show | alterations to polypeptides after translation has been completed, may include adding sugars or phosphate or removing segments of amino acids
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Created by:
jthorns
Popular Genetics sets