Terms from Translation unit of 04-350 at NW
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| amino acid | show 🗑
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| show | NH3+, functional group that is part of an amino acid. You could consider this the head of the monomer.
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| carboxyl group | show 🗑
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| variable group | show 🗑
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| show | another term for the variable group that distinguishes one amino acid from another
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| show | the central carbon atom of an amino acid, with an amino group at one end, carboxyl group at the other and variable group
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| peptide bond | show 🗑
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| show | a nucleoside that may be found in RNA after chemical modification has occurred. found in the T loop of tRNA
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| show | a nucleoside that may be found in RNA after chemical modification has occurred. Found in the D loop of tRNA
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| inosine | show 🗑
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| tRNA secondary structure | show 🗑
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| tRNA tertiary structure | show 🗑
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| anticodon | show 🗑
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| show | loop of a tRNA closes to the 5' end of the molecule. Contains dihydroxyuridine
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| T loop | show 🗑
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| variable loop | show 🗑
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| acceptor stem | show 🗑
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| show | process by which amino acids are attached to the acceptor stem of a tRNA. Requires the consumption of energy.
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| show | Enzyme responsible for charging the tRNA... one for each amino acid. Recognizes the tRNA with the proper shape and uses them as a substrate for the charging reaction.
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| show | sequence of three nucleotides found within the mRNA that specifies which amino acid will be incorporated into the polypeptide during translation
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| show | the fact that the code contains three bases to make up one codon
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| show | one codon sequence always codes for the same amino acid
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| show | a single base in a codon is part of only one codon... not multiple
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| non punctuated | show 🗑
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| redundant | show 🗑
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| universal | show 🗑
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| start codon | show 🗑
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| show | a sequence in the mRNA that indicates where translation will stop. not recognized by any tRNA but recognized by release factors instead. also known as nonsense codons
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| show | open reading frame, a string of consecutive codons that begin with a start codon and concludes with a stop
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| sense codon | show 🗑
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| non Watson Crick base pairng | show 🗑
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| show | improper pairing between bases at the third position of the codon and the first position of the anticodon
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| Svedberg unit | show 🗑
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| ribosome | show 🗑
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| small ribosomal subunit | show 🗑
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| large ribosomal subunit | show 🗑
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| show | amino acyl site, binding site on the ribosome where new tRNA deliver amino acids during translation
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| P site | show 🗑
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| E site | show 🗑
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| factor binding center | show 🗑
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| show | ribozyme that is part of the large ribosomal subunit, responsible for making the peptide bonds between amino acids during translation
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| 5' UTR | show 🗑
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| 3' UTR | show 🗑
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| monocistronic | show 🗑
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| show | a mRNA that contains multiple ORF so a single RNA is responsible for multiple proteins
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| ribosomal binding site | show 🗑
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| initiator tRNA | show 🗑
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| show | chemically modified methionine used during initiation of prokaryotic translation carried by the initiator tRNA
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| Methionine | show 🗑
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| IF1 | show 🗑
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| IF2 | show 🗑
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| IF3 | show 🗑
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| show | guanosine triphosphate, RNA monomer, also a high energy molecule used to drive various steps of translation
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| show | 5' end of mature mRNA, binding site of eukaryotic initiation factors of translation, where the ribosome will assemble
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| show | consensus sequence found in eukaryotic 5' UTR adjacent to the start codon, used to indicate which start codon should be used for initiation
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| cap binding proteins | show 🗑
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| EF-Tu | show 🗑
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| show | elongation factor G, protein that burns GTP while associated with the small ribosomal subunit that causes the ribosome to move one codon during the translocation step of translation
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| show | proteins involved in termination of translation, either bind to the stop codon or disassemble the stalled ribosome
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| show | interaction between cap binding proteins and poly A binding proteins causes eukaryotic mRNA to loop over on itself, increases rate of ribosomal recycling
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| post translational modification | show 🗑
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