Muscle Tissue
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| Composed of fibers that contract, causing movement.Three types:Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac. | Muscle Tissue
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| The cell membrane surrounding each muscle fiber | Sarcolemma
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| Several muscle fibers bundled together, separated by endomysium | Fasciculus
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| Connective tissue that separates muscle fibers in a fasciculus | Endomysium
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| Connective tissue that surrounds a muscle | Perimysium
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| A layer of fibrous connective tissue outside the epimysium that separates individual muscles | Fascia
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| The specialized nerve cells that deliver an impulse to the muscle cell, causing it to contract | Motor neurons
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| The junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber | Neuromuscular Junction/Synapse
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| The portion of the neuromuscular synapse at the distal end of the nerve fiber | Presynaptic terminal
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| Portion of the neuromuscular synapse at the proximal portion of the muscle fiber | Postsynaptic terminal
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| Lies in a space in the neuromuscular junction, between the nerve and muscle. Space across which a nerve impulse is transmitted | Synaptic cleft
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| A change in electrical potential that occurs when a cell or tissue has been activated by a stimulus | Action Potential
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| The _________ ___________contains numerous synaptic vesicles that contain the chemical acetylcholine, which functions as a neurotransmitter | presynaptic terminal
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| A substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse | Neurotransmitter
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| The movement of the vesicles is stimulated by the influx of calcium (Ca2+) ions into the _____________ nerve terminal | presynaptic
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| Once it crosses the ____________cleft, acetylcholine causes an increase in the muscle membrane's permeability, allowing sodium (Na+) ions to diffuse into the cell via special protein ion channels, producing an electrical change | synaptic
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| During muscle contraction, the ___________ shorten as the actin myofilaments slide over the surface of the myosin | sarcomeres
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| This occurs when calcium is actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum | Muscle Relaxation
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| Muscle contraction requires energyThe main source of energy for muscle contraction in the body is _____, which can be converted to ______ | ATP, ADP
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| An organic acid that can lower the intracellular pH | Lactic acid
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| An iron-containing pigment found in red blood cellsCarries about 97% of the oxygen in the body | Hemoglobin
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| An iron-containing red pigment found in muscle fibers | Myoglobin
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| What is made up of spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus. Smaller than skeletal muscle cells. The cells contain fewer actin and myosin myofilaments than skeletal muscle cells. Myofilaments are not organized into sarcomeres | Smooth Muscle
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| Sheets of muscle that form the layers of the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts | Visceral smooth muscle
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| ______ muscle contraction is involuntary | Smooth
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| A cell at rest, waiting to react to a stimulus | Polarized cell
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| Requires a trigger or minimum energy levelResults in the opening of channels, allowing sodium to rush in.An action potential fires, stimulating surrounding cells | Polarized cell
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| The unique ability of cardiac muscle to generate its own electrical activity | Intrinsic automaticity
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| The recovery phase, Sodium leaves the cell, Cell returns to a polarized state | Repolarization
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| End of a muscle that is attached to the more stationary of two bones | Origin (head)
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| End attached to the bone undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion
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| Largest portion of the muscle, between the origin and the insertion | Belly
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| Tough, ropelike cords of fibrous tissue that attach muscles to bone | Tendons
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish a particular movement | Synergists
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| Muscles working in opposition to other muscles | Antagonists
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| When a group of muscles is involved in a movement, this is the muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the task | Prime mover
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| Muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover | Fixators
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