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| Which term refers to a state of relative constancy of the internal environment of the body? | homeostasis
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| What type of feedback loop causes a return to normal in the internal environment of the body? | negative feedback loop
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| A chemical reaction that involves the removal of water from a molecule during a chemical reaction is called a(n) _______ reaction. | dehydration
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| Which of the following phases of cell division represents the first phase of mitosis? | prophase
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| Which type of epithelial cells line the human trachea? | pseudostratified
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| Which of the following tissues are classified as connective tissue? | fibrous tissue, areolar tissue, bone, blood
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| What is another name for smooth muscle? | involuntary muscle
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| Other than providing a means for air to enter the lungs, what other functions do the nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi peform? | humidify the air inspired, warm the inspired air, purify the inspired air
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| Which component of the skin contains a relatively large amount of fat? | subcutaneous tissue
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| What is the name given to the hair of a newborn infant? | lanugo
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| What is the name of a bony joint where an oval projection fits into an elliptical socket? | condyloid joint
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| Which of the following structures are the distal articulations of the femur bone? | patella and tibia
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| Which of the following structures is considered the basic building block of skeletal muscle? | sarcomere
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| The bombardment by a series of about 30 stimuli per second evokes a certain type of skeletal muscle contraction called_______. | tetanic contraction
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| Which of the following structures are components of the peripheral nervous system? | cranial nerves, spinal nerves, somatic motor neurons
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| Which of the following neurotransmitters are classified as catecholamines? | serotonin and norepinephrine
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| The lens of the eye lies directly behind which other ocular structure? | pupil
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| Which structures in the middle ear are responsible for amplifying sound waves as they pass through that portion of the ear? | auditory vesicles
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| Which of the follwoing physiological changes occurs with type 1 diabetes? | less glucose leaves the blood to enter the cells
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| Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone causes which condition to occur? | diabetes insipidus
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| How should the health care practitioner interpret a hematocrit of 45% for an adult male? | normal
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| While reading a patient's chart, the health car practitioner notices that the patient has a leukocyte count of over 10,000/mm3. Which term describes this condition? | leukocytosis
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| A patient enters the emergency department complaining of severe chest pain. What term is used to describe this symptom? | angina pectoris
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| What cardiac event is signified by the QRS complex appearing on an electrocardiogram? | ventricular depolarization
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| What organ is located int the upper left quadrant of the abdomen lateral to the stomach? | spleen
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| What is the function of complement proteins? | to destroy invading cells
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| Through what process do O2 and CO2 exchange in the alveoli? | simple diffusion
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| During normal breathing, how is expiration accomplished? | passively via elastic recoil of lung tissue
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| Which structures comprise the small intestion? | jejunum and ileum
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| What is the function of the hepatic ducts? | to crain vile from the liver
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| What is the first step in the process of glycolysis? | the creation of two molecules of pyruvic acid
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| Which hormones contribute to increasing blood glucose levels? | epinephrine, hydrocortisone, glucagon
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| Which factors most influences filtration in the glomeruli? | blood pressure
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| An adult patient who has a urine output of 900 ml/day is said to exhibit the condition called___________. | oliguria
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| To calculate the fluid volume of a person's extracellular fluid, one must add together: | plasma and interstitial fluids
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| What are the physiologic effects of aldosterone secretion in response to decreased blood fluid volume? | decresases urine output and increases extracellular fluid volume
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| What is the result when a strong acid placed in an NaHCO3 buffer solution? | A weak acid forms.
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| What is the cause of respiratory acidosis? | hypoventilation
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| When a male enters puberty, which of the following hormones stimulates a spermatogonium to undergo mitosis? | follicle-stimulating hormone
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| What is the clinical significance of having a continuous mucosal lining of the abdominal cavity on one end and the lining of the uterus and vagina on the other? | a gonorrheal infecton may pass into the abdominal cavity
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| During which time of human gestation does the embryonic stage occur? | from 3 to 8 weeks after fertilization
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| What is the name of the process that describes the development of the primary germ layers during pregnancy? | histogenesis
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| Which vessels contain arterial (oxygenated) blood? | coronary artery and pulmonary vein
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| What is the function of the ductus venosus in fetal circulation? | to shunt venous blood past the liver for deposit into the inferior vena cava
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| The health care practitioner had measured a patient's blood pressure and found it to be 160/110 mm Hg. How should the therapist interperet these findings? | The patient is hypertensive
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| What type blood can be administered to any patient safely? | Type O
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| Which term describes shortness of breath? | dyspnea
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| What sturctures stimulate the body to increase ventilation due to low oxygen levels in arterial blood? | carotid and aortic bodies
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| Which mechanisms are involved in the transport of CO2 in the blood for the purpose of bringing it to the lungs for elimination from the body? | CO2 dissolved in the plasma, CO2 incorporated in the bicarbonate ion, carbaminohemoglobin
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| A patient is said to have normal PO2 and PCO2 values. Which measurements represent normal values? | PO2 100 mmHg; PCO2 40mm Hg
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