ANS
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| autonomic nervous system operates via | reflex arcs
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| operation of ANS to maintain homestais depends on a | cont. flow of sensory afferent input from receptors in organs and efferent motor output to same effector organs
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| ANS includes | autonomic sensory neruons, integrating centers and autonomic motor neurons
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| ANS operates without | conscious control
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| ANS is reg. by the | hypothalamus and brain stem
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| somatic contains both | sensory and motor neurons
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| the somatic neruons recieve input from receptors of the | special and somatic senses
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| somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles to produce | conscious, voluntary movements
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| autonomic sensory neruons are associated with | interoreceptors
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| autonomic sensory input is not considered | perceived
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| The ANS also receives sensory input from | somatic senses and special sensory neurons
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| the autonomic motor nuerons regulate | visceral activites
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| the autonomic motor nuerons reg. viseral activ. by either ____ exciting or ____ inhibiting ongoing activies of _____, _____,____ | increase, decrease; cardiac, smooth, or glands
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| all somiatic motor pathways consist of a ___ motor neuron | single
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| autonomic motor pathways consist of ___ motor nuerons in series | two
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| the first autonomic neuron motor has its cell body in the _____ and its myelinated axon extends to an autonomic ganglion | CNS
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| the first autonomic motor neuron may extend to the _____ rather than an autonomic ganglion | adrenal medullae
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| the second autonomic motor neruon has its cell body in a ______; its nonmyelinated axon extends to an effector | autonomic ganglion
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| in the preganlionic neuron the cell body is in the | brain or spinal cord
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| preganlionic neruon the axon is ____ type __ fiber that extends to autonomic ganglion | myelinated; type B
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| postganglionic neuron the cell bodies lies outside the ___ in the _____ | CNS; autonomic ganglion
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| postganglionic axon is ____ type __ fiber that terminates in a viseral effector | unmyelinated; type C
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| the output (efferent) part of the ANS is divided into: | sym & para sympatheic
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| organs that recieve inpulses from both sypathtic and parasym. are said to have | dual innervation or opposing systems
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| one speeds up and organ; one slows down and organ | dual innervation
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| these ganglion include the sympathtic trunk or verterbal chain or paravertebral ganglia that lie in a verticle row on either side of the verterbral column | sypatheic ganglia
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| other sympatheic ganglia are the prevertebral or collateral ganglia that lie anterior to the spinal column and close to large abdominal arteries: 3 examples | - celiac- superior mesenteric- inferior mesenteric ganglia
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| _____ _____ are the terminal or intramural ganglia that are located very close to or actually within the wall of viseral organ | parasym. ganglia
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| These are tangled networks of sym. and parasym neurons which lie along major arteries | autonomic plexuses
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| in the sympathic NS; preganglionic cell bodies at | T1-L2
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| SNS; white ramus= ____=preganglionic fibers | myelinated
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| SNS; gray ramus= ____= postganlionic fibers | unmyelinated
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| postganlionic cell bodies; sympathetic chain ganglia along the | spinal column
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| postganglionic cell bodies; collateral ganglia at a distance from | spinal column
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| Sympatheic pregangionic neurons pass to the ____ | sympathic trunk
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| preganglion neruons may connect to postganglionic neurons in the following ways; may synapse with ____ neurons in the ganglion it first reaches | postganglionic
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| preganglion neruons may connect to postganglionic neurons in the following ways; may ___ or ____ to a higher or lower ganglion before synapsing with postganglionic neruons | ascend or decend
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| preganglion neruons may connect to postganglionic neurons in the following ways; may continue, without synapsing through the sympathic trunk ganglion to a _______ ganglion where it synpases with the _____ gangion | preverterbal ganglion; postganglionic
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| in the spinal nerve route the symathic fibers go out | at the same level
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| in the sympathetic chain route sympathic fibers | up chain and out spinal nerve
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| in collateral ganglion route the sympathic fibers | out splanchinic nerve to collateral ganglion
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| structures innervated by each spinal nerve; | sweat glands, arrector pili, BV to skin and skeletal muscles
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| thoracic and cranial plexuses supply: | plexus around carotid artery to head structures
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| splanchnic nerves to collateral ganglia suppy | Gi tract from stomach to recum, uninary and reporductive organs
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| each preganglionic cell synapses on many postganglionic cells | divergence
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| mast activation due to divergence | -mutiple target organs- fight or flight response explained (sym)
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| modified cluster of postganglionic cell bodies that release epineprine and norepinieprine into blood | adrenal gland
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| the adrenal gland is located? | cortex and medulla sits on top of kiney
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| structure of parasymp; the cranial outflow consists of preganlionic axons that extend from the _____ in four cranial nerves | brainstem
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| the craninal outflow consists of four pairs of ganglia and the plexuses assoicated with the ___ nerve | vagus (X) nerve
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| the scaral parasymp. outflow consists of ______ axons in the anterior roots of the second through fourth sacral nerves and from the pelvic aplanchnic nerve | preganglionic
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| in parasymp; preganglionic cell bodies found in | 4 cranial nerve nuclei in brainstem
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| in parasymp; preganglionic cell bodies found in | s2 to s4 spinal cord
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| parasymp; ____ cell bodies very near or in the wall of the target organ in a terminal ganglia | postganglionic
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| parasymp cranial nerve; oculomotor the ciliary ganglion in ___ | orbit (focuses eye ball)
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| oculomotor; ciliary muscle and pupillay constrictor muscle _______ | inside eyeball
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| parasymp; facial nerve supplies | tears, salivary and nasal secretions
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| pyerygopalatine and submandibular ganglions | facial nerve
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| otic ganglion supplies parotid salivary glands | glossopharyngeal
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| many fibers supply heart, pulmonary and GI tract as far as the midpoint of the colon | Vagus nerve
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| the parasympathic sacral nerve fibers form the | pelvic splanchnic nerves
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| Cholinergic neurons release | ACH
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| all cholingeric are ____ neurons | preganglion ( mye)
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| all cholingeric are ______, ____ neurons | parasym, postganglonic
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| excitation or inhibit depending upon receptor ___ and _____ involved | subtype and organ
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| Cholingeric receptors are ___ membrane proteins in the _____ plasma membrane | integral; postsymaptic
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| nicotinic and muscarinic recepotrs are two types of what | cholingeric receptors
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| activation of ____ receptors causes excitation of postsynaptic cell | nicotinic
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| nicotinic receptors are found on ____ and ____ of ANS cells and at NMJ | dendrites and cell bodies
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| activation of ____ can caused either excitation or inhibition depending on the cell taht bears the receptor | muscarinic
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| muscarinic receptors are found on _____ of all _______ effectors | plasma membranes of all parasymp. effectors
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| in the parasymp. sacral nerve fibers, preganglionic fibers end on ______in walls of target organs in the | terminal ganglia
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| parsymp. scaral nerves innervate ____ and ____ in colon,ureters, bladder and RP | smooth muscles and glands
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| adrenergic neurons release ___; from _____ only | NE; postganglionic sympathic
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| Adrenergic ____ or ____ organs depending on receptors | excites or inhibits
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| ___ lingers at the synapse until enezymatically inactived by ______ or ____ | NE; MAO or COMT
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| substance that binds to and activates a recepor, mimicking the effect of natrual neruotransmitter or hormone | agonist
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| is a substance that binds to and blocks a receptor, preventing a natural neurotrasnmitter or hormone from exerting its effect | antagonist
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| ____ regulates balance (tone) between symp and parasymp activity levels | hypothalamus
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| some organs have only syp. innervation | sweat glands, adrenal medulla, arrector pili, BV
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| examples of symp innervation organs are controlled by regulation of the "tone" of the | sympathic system
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| the symapthic responses are long lasting due to lingering ___ in synaptic gap and release of ____ by adrenal gland; stays out in blood stream longer | NE; norepinephrine
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| parasymp enhances the _____ activites; keeping you alive 24/7 | rest and digest
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| these mechanisms that help conserve and restore body enegry during times of rest | parasymp
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| SLUDD stands for | salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation
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| in parasymp the 3 decreases stand for | decreased HR, decreased diameter or airways and diameter or pupil
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| when there is no escape route or no way to win | paradoxical fear
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| paradoxical fear causes massive activation of | parasymp division
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| paradoxical fear you have loss of control over | urination and defecation
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| autonomic responses control center is in lower regions of | brain
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| is major control center in brain | hypothalamus
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| the hypothalamus inputs your | emotions, visceral sensory info
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| the output of the hypothalamus: | to nuclei in brainsteam and spinal cord
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| ___ and ____ portions of hypothalamus controls ___ NS | posterior and lateral; sympatheic
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| ____ and ___ portions of hypothalamus controls ___NS | anteior and medial; parasymp
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