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chap15 ANS
ANS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| autonomic nervous system operates via | reflex arcs |
| operation of ANS to maintain homestais depends on a | cont. flow of sensory afferent input from receptors in organs and efferent motor output to same effector organs |
| ANS includes | autonomic sensory neruons, integrating centers and autonomic motor neurons |
| ANS operates without | conscious control |
| ANS is reg. by the | hypothalamus and brain stem |
| somatic contains both | sensory and motor neurons |
| the somatic neruons recieve input from receptors of the | special and somatic senses |
| somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles to produce | conscious, voluntary movements |
| autonomic sensory neruons are associated with | interoreceptors |
| autonomic sensory input is not considered | perceived |
| The ANS also receives sensory input from | somatic senses and special sensory neurons |
| the autonomic motor nuerons regulate | visceral activites |
| the autonomic motor nuerons reg. viseral activ. by either ____ exciting or ____ inhibiting ongoing activies of _____, _____,____ | increase, decrease; cardiac, smooth, or glands |
| all somiatic motor pathways consist of a ___ motor neuron | single |
| autonomic motor pathways consist of ___ motor nuerons in series | two |
| the first autonomic neuron motor has its cell body in the _____ and its myelinated axon extends to an autonomic ganglion | CNS |
| the first autonomic motor neuron may extend to the _____ rather than an autonomic ganglion | adrenal medullae |
| the second autonomic motor neruon has its cell body in a ______; its nonmyelinated axon extends to an effector | autonomic ganglion |
| in the preganlionic neuron the cell body is in the | brain or spinal cord |
| preganlionic neruon the axon is ____ type __ fiber that extends to autonomic ganglion | myelinated; type B |
| postganglionic neuron the cell bodies lies outside the ___ in the _____ | CNS; autonomic ganglion |
| postganglionic axon is ____ type __ fiber that terminates in a viseral effector | unmyelinated; type C |
| the output (efferent) part of the ANS is divided into: | sym & para sympatheic |
| organs that recieve inpulses from both sypathtic and parasym. are said to have | dual innervation or opposing systems |
| one speeds up and organ; one slows down and organ | dual innervation |
| these ganglion include the sympathtic trunk or verterbal chain or paravertebral ganglia that lie in a verticle row on either side of the verterbral column | sypatheic ganglia |
| other sympatheic ganglia are the prevertebral or collateral ganglia that lie anterior to the spinal column and close to large abdominal arteries: 3 examples | - celiac- superior mesenteric- inferior mesenteric ganglia |
| _____ _____ are the terminal or intramural ganglia that are located very close to or actually within the wall of viseral organ | parasym. ganglia |
| These are tangled networks of sym. and parasym neurons which lie along major arteries | autonomic plexuses |
| in the sympathic NS; preganglionic cell bodies at | T1-L2 |
| SNS; white ramus= ____=preganglionic fibers | myelinated |
| SNS; gray ramus= ____= postganlionic fibers | unmyelinated |
| postganlionic cell bodies; sympathetic chain ganglia along the | spinal column |
| postganglionic cell bodies; collateral ganglia at a distance from | spinal column |
| Sympatheic pregangionic neurons pass to the ____ | sympathic trunk |
| preganglion neruons may connect to postganglionic neurons in the following ways; may synapse with ____ neurons in the ganglion it first reaches | postganglionic |
| preganglion neruons may connect to postganglionic neurons in the following ways; may ___ or ____ to a higher or lower ganglion before synapsing with postganglionic neruons | ascend or decend |
| preganglion neruons may connect to postganglionic neurons in the following ways; may continue, without synapsing through the sympathic trunk ganglion to a _______ ganglion where it synpases with the _____ gangion | preverterbal ganglion; postganglionic |
| in the spinal nerve route the symathic fibers go out | at the same level |
| in the sympathetic chain route sympathic fibers | up chain and out spinal nerve |
| in collateral ganglion route the sympathic fibers | out splanchinic nerve to collateral ganglion |
| structures innervated by each spinal nerve; | sweat glands, arrector pili, BV to skin and skeletal muscles |
| thoracic and cranial plexuses supply: | plexus around carotid artery to head structures |
| splanchnic nerves to collateral ganglia suppy | Gi tract from stomach to recum, uninary and reporductive organs |
| each preganglionic cell synapses on many postganglionic cells | divergence |
| mast activation due to divergence | -mutiple target organs- fight or flight response explained (sym) |
| modified cluster of postganglionic cell bodies that release epineprine and norepinieprine into blood | adrenal gland |
| the adrenal gland is located? | cortex and medulla sits on top of kiney |
| structure of parasymp; the cranial outflow consists of preganlionic axons that extend from the _____ in four cranial nerves | brainstem |
| the craninal outflow consists of four pairs of ganglia and the plexuses assoicated with the ___ nerve | vagus (X) nerve |
| the scaral parasymp. outflow consists of ______ axons in the anterior roots of the second through fourth sacral nerves and from the pelvic aplanchnic nerve | preganglionic |
| in parasymp; preganglionic cell bodies found in | 4 cranial nerve nuclei in brainstem |
| in parasymp; preganglionic cell bodies found in | s2 to s4 spinal cord |
| parasymp; ____ cell bodies very near or in the wall of the target organ in a terminal ganglia | postganglionic |
| parasymp cranial nerve; oculomotor the ciliary ganglion in ___ | orbit (focuses eye ball) |
| oculomotor; ciliary muscle and pupillay constrictor muscle _______ | inside eyeball |
| parasymp; facial nerve supplies | tears, salivary and nasal secretions |
| pyerygopalatine and submandibular ganglions | facial nerve |
| otic ganglion supplies parotid salivary glands | glossopharyngeal |
| many fibers supply heart, pulmonary and GI tract as far as the midpoint of the colon | Vagus nerve |
| the parasympathic sacral nerve fibers form the | pelvic splanchnic nerves |
| Cholinergic neurons release | ACH |
| all cholingeric are ____ neurons | preganglion ( mye) |
| all cholingeric are ______, ____ neurons | parasym, postganglonic |
| excitation or inhibit depending upon receptor ___ and _____ involved | subtype and organ |
| Cholingeric receptors are ___ membrane proteins in the _____ plasma membrane | integral; postsymaptic |
| nicotinic and muscarinic recepotrs are two types of what | cholingeric receptors |
| activation of ____ receptors causes excitation of postsynaptic cell | nicotinic |
| nicotinic receptors are found on ____ and ____ of ANS cells and at NMJ | dendrites and cell bodies |
| activation of ____ can caused either excitation or inhibition depending on the cell taht bears the receptor | muscarinic |
| muscarinic receptors are found on _____ of all _______ effectors | plasma membranes of all parasymp. effectors |
| in the parasymp. sacral nerve fibers, preganglionic fibers end on ______in walls of target organs in the | terminal ganglia |
| parsymp. scaral nerves innervate ____ and ____ in colon,ureters, bladder and RP | smooth muscles and glands |
| adrenergic neurons release ___; from _____ only | NE; postganglionic sympathic |
| Adrenergic ____ or ____ organs depending on receptors | excites or inhibits |
| ___ lingers at the synapse until enezymatically inactived by ______ or ____ | NE; MAO or COMT |
| substance that binds to and activates a recepor, mimicking the effect of natrual neruotransmitter or hormone | agonist |
| is a substance that binds to and blocks a receptor, preventing a natural neurotrasnmitter or hormone from exerting its effect | antagonist |
| ____ regulates balance (tone) between symp and parasymp activity levels | hypothalamus |
| some organs have only syp. innervation | sweat glands, adrenal medulla, arrector pili, BV |
| examples of symp innervation organs are controlled by regulation of the "tone" of the | sympathic system |
| the symapthic responses are long lasting due to lingering ___ in synaptic gap and release of ____ by adrenal gland; stays out in blood stream longer | NE; norepinephrine |
| parasymp enhances the _____ activites; keeping you alive 24/7 | rest and digest |
| these mechanisms that help conserve and restore body enegry during times of rest | parasymp |
| SLUDD stands for | salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation |
| in parasymp the 3 decreases stand for | decreased HR, decreased diameter or airways and diameter or pupil |
| when there is no escape route or no way to win | paradoxical fear |
| paradoxical fear causes massive activation of | parasymp division |
| paradoxical fear you have loss of control over | urination and defecation |
| autonomic responses control center is in lower regions of | brain |
| is major control center in brain | hypothalamus |
| the hypothalamus inputs your | emotions, visceral sensory info |
| the output of the hypothalamus: | to nuclei in brainsteam and spinal cord |
| ___ and ____ portions of hypothalamus controls ___ NS | posterior and lateral; sympatheic |
| ____ and ___ portions of hypothalamus controls ___NS | anteior and medial; parasymp |
Created by:
Mollie28
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