med term chapter 11
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| thromb- | lump
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| ab- | away from
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| -plegia | paralysis
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| ante- | before
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| thel- | nipple
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| ex- | out
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| lien- | spleen
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| tumor | swelling
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| vestibule | entrance
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| puer- | child
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| sarc- | flesh
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| proli- | offspring
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| macro- | large
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| lal- | speech
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| intra- | within
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| inter- | between
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| infra- | beneath
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| cryo- | cold
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| mal- | bad
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| glom- | ball
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| tens- | stretch
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| spas- | pull
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| somni- | sleep
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| pharmac- | drug
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| lumbo- | loins
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| acr/o | extremities
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| anter/o | front
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| cortic/o | cortex
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| crin/o | secrete
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| gigant/i | abnormally large
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| gonad/o | sex glands
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| gynec/o | woman
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| kal/i | Potassium
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| ket/o | ketones
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| myx/o | mucus
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| natr/o | Sodium
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| -assay | to test
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| -edema | swelling; fluid retention
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| -stasis | stoppage of flow
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| -tropin | hormone
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyuria | excessive urination
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| polyphagia | excessive hunger
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| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone
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| ADH | antidiuretic hormone
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| CDE | certified diabetes educator
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| CRH | corticotropin releasing hormone
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| DI | diabetes insipidus
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| DM | diabetes mellitus
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| FBS | fasting blood sugar
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| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone
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| GH | growth hormone
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| GHIH | growth hormone inhibiting hormone
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| GTT | glucose tolerance test
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| HCG | human chorionic gonadotropin
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| IDDM | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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| LATS | long-acting thyroid stimulator
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| LH | luteinizing hormone
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| mg/dl | milligrams per deciliter
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| MSH | melanocyte-stimulating hormone
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| NIDDM | non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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| PBI | protein bound iodine
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| PTH | parathyroid hormone
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| RIA | radioimmunoassay
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| SIADH | syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
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| T3 | triiodothyronine
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| T3RU | triiodothyronine resin uptake
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| T4 | thyroxine
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| TBG | thyroxine-binding globulin
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| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone
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| Tx | treatment
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| a.c | before meals
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| h.s | at bedtime
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| CFT | certified fitness trainer
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| GnRH | gonadotropin releasing hormone
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| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids
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| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of the extremities and face that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
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| Addison's disease | a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone; characterized by anemia
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| adenocarcinoma | a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue or mucus secreting organ
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| adrenal feminization | pathological development of female secondary sex characteristics in a male
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| adrenal virilism | development of male secondary sex characteristics in a female
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| cretinism | congenital hypothyroidism resulting in developmental disabilities
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| Cushing's syndrome | A condition resulting from the hypersecretion of cortisol; may be caused by a tumor or prolonged use of steroids. characterized by weekness; thin
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| diabetes insipidus (DI) | rare type of diabetes caused by inadequate secretion of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland; characterized by excessive thirst
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| diabetes mellitus (DM) | insufficient production of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently; characterized by hyperglycemia
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| type 1 diabetes mellitus | insulin secretion is deficient due to abnormalities in the islets of Langerhans
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| type 2 diabetes mellitus | insulin production may be normal
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| diabetic ketoacidosis | A complication of diabetes in which the body produces acidic ketone bodies (waste products) as a result of high blood glucose levels; immediate medical attention is required to reverse this state.
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| diabetic retionpathy | disease of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus
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| dwarfism | Condition caused by insufficient growth hormone in childhood
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| edema | the localized or generalized collection of fluid within the body tissues
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| exopthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
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| gigantism | excessive growth of body due to hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child or teenager
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| graves disease | an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos
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| gynecomastia | development of breast tissue in males
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| hirsutism | excessive hair growth
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| hyperparathyroidism | excessive production of PTH that results in the degeneration of bones
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| insulinoma | a tumor of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans; although usually benign
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| myxedema | severe form of hypothyroidism that develops in the older child or adult; characterized by puffy skin and swelling of the laryngeal and pharyngeal mucous membranes
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| obesity | excessive fatness
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| panhypopituitarism | Condition of inadequate secretion
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| peripheral neuropathy | Damage to the nerves that causes pain and weakness
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| phe/o | dark
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| Pheochromocytoma | Tumor of the adrenal glands that secretes excess epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) | excessive secretion of ADH
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| tetany | Nervous excitability and muscle spasms caused by PTH deficiency and inadequate calcium levels.
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| thyrotoxicosis | general term for a group of conditions caused by increases in T3 and T4 in the blood
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| blood serum tests | a group of tests in which blood is measured for specific levels of hormones and other substances to determine how well specific endocrine glands and organs are functioning
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| catecholamine tests | measured over 24 hour urine sample
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| fasting blood sugar (FBS) | blood test to measure amount of sugar in bloodstream after a 12-hour fast
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| glucose tolerance test (GTT) | glucose administered the blood drawn
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| human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) - qualitative | hormone human chorionic gonadotropin present in blood or urine = pregnant
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| human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) - quantitative | measures HCG in blood to diagnose aid for abnormal conditions and age of the fetus
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| protein-bound iodine test (PBI) | measures thyroid activity indirectly by determining the amount of protein-bound iodine in the blood
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| radioimmunoassay (RIA) | radioactive chemicals injected into blood to measure very small concentrations of substances in blood plasma
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| thyroid/parathyroid ultrasound | Ultrasound test of the thyroid and/or parathyroid glands; used to check the sizes of these glands or to determine whether a lump is a simple cyst or a solid tumor.
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| thyroid function test (TFT) | Panel of tests used to determine how well the thyroid is functioning.
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| long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) test | A thyroid function test used to detect long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) in the blood. LATS can lead to hyperthyroidism.
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| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) test | A thyroid function test that measures the amount of TSH in the blood; considered to be the most accurate measure of thyroid activity.
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| thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) test | measures levels of thyroxine-binding globulin in the blood; binds to T3 and T4 in the blood
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| thyroxine (T4) test | A thyroid function test that measures the amounts of T4 in the blood.
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| Triiodothyronine (T3) test | a thyroid function test that measures the amounts of T3 in the blood
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| triiodothyronine resine uptake (T3RU) test | measures amounts of T4 in the blood by testing levels of T3RU
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| thyroid scan | scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland
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| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | Surgical removal of the adrenal gland through a small incision in the abdomen using a scope
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| lobectomy | surgical removal of a lobe of an organ
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| parathyroidectomy | the surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
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| thyroidectomy | surgical removal of the thyroid gland
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| antihyroid agents | blocks production of thyroid hormones; treat hyperthyroidism that is caused by Grave's disease
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| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | synthetic hormone used to correct a deficiency of estrogen
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| human growth hormone therapy | Hormone replacement therapy with human growth hormone in order to stimulate skeletal growth. Used to treat children with abnormally short stature.
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| insulin replacement therapy | Natural or synthetic insulin administered to supply needed insulin for patients with type 1 diabetes or severe type 2 diabetes.
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| oral hypoglycemic agents | Drugs taken orally to decrease blood glucose.
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| synthetic antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) | Synthetic ADH (vasopressin) administered to treat syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
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| synthetic glucocorticoids | Synthetic versions of glucocorticoid hormones are sometimes used to treat patients with Addison's disease. If used for a long period of time
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| thyroid replacement therapy | Thyroid hormones administered to treat hypothyroidism; also prescribed for patients who have had a thyroidectomy.
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