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Organisation of the Body

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Question
Answer
show A narrow, hollow syringe a drug  
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Biers Block   show
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show Skin Fat Interspinous ligament Ligamentum flavum Epidural space Dura  
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Where is a spinal anaesthetic injected into?   show
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show 7 cervical vertebrae 8 cervical spinal nerves 12 Thoracic vertebrae and spinal nerves 5 lumbar vertebrae and spinal nerves 5 sacral nerves  
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show Between L1/L2 in an adult It initially reaches the end of the spine but regresses during development  
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Cauda Equina   show
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show L4 is level with the top of the pelvis, so can be used to identify the correct injection site The patient should be flexed forward to allow access to the dura membranes which are usually covered by bone  
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show By identifying which nerve innervates the area of the body we want to numb, we can identify what area of the spinal cord we need to direct the anaesthetic to  
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Drugs used in spinal anaesthesia   show
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show Small - 2-3ml  
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show Into the lumbar CSF which bathes the cauda equina in the region L2-L5  
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Time course of spinal anaesthesia   show
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show Lock all nerves and modalities below the level of the injection, typically T10 downwards Small nerves (temperature and pin prick sensations) are blocked before larger nerves (voluntary motor) Spread depends on posture  
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Adverse effects of spinal anaesthesia   show
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Uses of spinal anaesthesia   show
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Where is an epidural performed   show
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Drugs used in epidurals   show
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Volume of drug used in epidurals   show
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Site of epidural   show
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show Slow onset - 10-30 mins Lasts up to 6 hours  
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show Block of all nerves and modalities in a band around the body at the levels reached by the injection Typically T10-S1 for a lumbar epidural Spread depends on posture  
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Adverse effects of epidurals   show
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Uses of epidurals   show
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