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Organisation of the Body

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show Point Of Care Ultrasound Used in emergency medicine to rule in/rule out Used in procedural guidance, diagnostics e.g. cardiovascular, respiratory, obstetrical, gastrointestinal and vascular as well as in monitoring  
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The reverse piezoelectric effect   show
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show The resistance ultrasonic waves encounter as they pass through tissue Depends on: density of the tissue, speed of sound wave Large difference between air and body tissue to a liquid medium is used to reduce the difference and increase resolution  
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Direct piezoelectric effect   show
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show Proportional to frequency of the beam Higher frequency does not penetrate as deep so is better for imaging superficial structures - good lateral and axial resolution Lower frequency can penetrate deeper so are used for abdominal and pelvic scans  
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Focal zone   show
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Axial resolution   show
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show Differentiating between object perpendicular to the ultrasound beam Focal zone Decreases with depth due to scattering and divergence of the beam  
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show The ability to resolve objects within the height or thickness of the beam Dependent on the number of PE crystals and their sensitivity  
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Anechoic   show
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Hypoechoic   show
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show Structures reflect similar number of soundwaves to surrounding structures  
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Hyperechoic   show
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Homogenous   show
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Heterogenous   show
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What are colour dopplers used for   show
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Doppler shift principle   show
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show Increase in frequency Increase in blood flow velocity Decrease in angle of insonation  
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show No doppler beam is perpendicular It must be parallel to direction of flow 45-60 degrees is sufficient  
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show Higher frequency - 5-18 MHz Depth - less than 5cm Uses - vascular, MSK, thyroid and breast imaging  
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Curvilinear probes   show
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Phased-array probes   show
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